拟南芥CYCD3;1基因植物表达载体的构建 及在烟草中的遗传转化分析

为了分析植物D型细胞周期蛋白在细胞周期中的作用,采用PCR方法从拟南芥花序中克隆出At CYCD3;1基因的全长c DNA序列。该基因的开放读码框为1131 bp,预测编码376个氨基酸,蛋白质的分子量为42701.6 Da,蛋白质的等电点为4.89。构建植物表达载体p ROKII-At CYCD3;1,并利用农杆菌介导的叶盘法将外源基因导入野生型烟草中。通过PCR及q RT-PCR检测显示,At CYCD3;1成功插入烟草基因组并在转录水平表达。表型观察显示转基因株系与野生型株系相比主要表现为花冠宽度变大,花瓣和萼片长度变长,果实变大,茎干弯曲,叶片卷曲,根尖细胞变小。综上,拟南芥At CYCD3;1基因的过量表达影响了植物的生长发育。     

FSH对体外培养仔猪睾丸支持细胞cyclin D1 mRNA和 cyclin E1 mRNA表达的影响

【目的】确定FSH是否能调节支持细胞cyclin D1 mRNA和cyclin E1 mRNA的表达及可能的机制。【方法】以培养的仔猪睾丸支持细胞为试验材料,通过添加各种信号通路的抑制剂,应用实时荧光定量PCR 检测cyclin D1 mRNA和cyclin E1 mRNA的相对表达量。【结果】不同浓度的FSH（0—100 ng•mL-1）均可促进cyclin D1 mRNA和cyclin E1 mRNA的表达（P＜0.05）,在FSH浓度为50 ng•mL-1时两种基因的表达量最大（P＜0.05）;FSH（50 ng•mL-1）也以时间依赖的方式促进了cyclin D1 mRNA和cyclin E1 mRNA的表达（P＜0.05）,在作用30 min时其表达量达到高峰（P＜0.05）。不同浓度的Foskolin （0—20 μmol•L-1）均可以促进cyclin D1 mRNA和cyclin E1 mRNA的表达（P＜0.05）,但均低于FSH单独作用时两种基因的表达量;Rp-cAMP（0—40 μmol•L-1）、H-89（0—30 μmol•L-1）和Verapamil（0—100 μg•mL-1）以剂量依赖的方式抑制了FSH诱导的cyclin D1 mRNA和cyclin E1 mRNA的表达（P＜0.05）,而且Rp-cAMP和Verapamil联合作用对FSH的抑制效果高于单独的抑制效果（P＜0.05）,但低于两者之和。此外,不同浓度的U0126（0—10 μmol•L-1）降低了FSH诱导的cyclin D1 mRNA和cyclin E1 mRNA的表达（P＜0.05）,而Rp-cAMP、H-89、Verapamil和U0126单独作用时,cyclin D1 mRNA和cyclin E1 mRNA的表达与对照相比没有显著差异（P＞0.05）。【结论】FSH以剂量依赖和时间依赖的方式诱导了cyclin D1 mRNA和cyclin E1 mRNA的表达;cAMP-PKA、Ca2+和ERK1/2参与了FSH对cyclin D1 mRNA和cyclin E1 mRNA表达的调节。     

Effect of tetrandrine on radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of the radiosensitizing effect of maximum non-cytotoxic doses of tetrandrine (Tet) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines CNE1 and CNE2.METHODS: The cells were treated with ma-ximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet (for CNE1 cells at 1.5 μmol/L and for CNE2 cells at 1.8 μmol/L), irradiation at 4 Gy, or combination of irradiation and maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of γ-H2AX, cleaved caspase-3, p-CDC25C, CDK1, p-CDK1, cyclin B1, ERK and p-ERK were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: The expression of γ-H2AX was increased in CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells after combined treatment with irradiation and maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The percentages of CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells at G₂/M phase in irradiation group were (18.09±0.42)% and (18.48±1.32)%, respectively, which were decreased to (15.88±1.04)% and (13.80±0.82)% in combined treatment group, respectively (P<0.05). Combined treatment enhanced the increase in the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 caused by irradiation. The protein levels of p-CDC25C and p-CDK1 were increased in a dose-dependent manner by Tet treatment (P<0.05), while the expression of CDK1 showed no difference among different doses of Tet treatments. The protein levels of p-CDC25C, p-CDK1 and CDK1 showed no difference after the treatment with maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The combined treatment with irradiation and the maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet decreased the protein levels of p-CDC25C and p-CDK1 (P<0.05), increased the expression of cyclin B1, and had no influence on the expression of CDK1 (P<0.05). The combined treatment resulted in an increase in the protein level of p-ERK1 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet enhance the DNA damage and apoptosis in CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells caused by irradiation, and the mechanism might be associated with ending of G₂/M arrest via activation of ERK/CDC25C/CDK1/cyclin B1 pathways.     

Evaluation of phenylaminopyrimidines as antifungal protein kinase inhibitors

The effects of diverse phenylaminopyrimidines (PAP), namely PAP-pyridines (type A), PAP-pyrazoles (type B) and PAP-thiazoles (type C), on Neurospora crassa Shear & Dodge has been investigated. The results revealed that type A strongly inhibit the in vitro growth of N crassa, whereas types B and C are much less active. A significant correlation was observed between the Neurospora growth inhibition and the intrinsic activity of type A compounds on the cyclin-dependent protein kinase p34(CDC2) of starfish, suggesting that the target of phenylaminopyrimidines in fungi is a cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK). The phenylaminopyrimidine-binding CDKs Phoss (major band) and CDC2 (minor band) involved in phosphorus uptake, glycogen synthesis and the cell cycle were identified from N crassa by affinity chromatography on phenylaminopyrimidine-sepharose. Comparative experiments with different protein kinases revealed the importance of the side chain of phenylaminopyrimidines for their target selectivity. A type B compound was found to selectively inhibit the MAP-kinase OS-2 involved in the osmoregulatory pathway of Neurospora.     

斑节对虾cyclin G2基因克隆及不同刺激下的表达分析

细胞周期蛋白G2(cyclin G2)是细胞周期中的重要调控因子。该研究初步探讨斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)细胞周期蛋白G2(Pmcyclin G2)在卵巢发育中的作用,利用RACE技术克隆获得4075bp Pmcyclin G2 c DNA全长,其开放阅读框(ORF)1161bp,编码386个氨基酸。利用荧光定量PCR技术研究了Pmcyclin G2组织表达模式,结果显示,Pmcyclin G2在斑节对虾的心脏、血淋巴、肝胰腺、卵巢等组织中均有表达,其中肌肉中表达量最高;卵巢发育不同阶段Pmcyclin G2的表达分析则表明,Pmcyclin G2在III期表达量最高;注射5-羟色胺(5-HT)能诱导卵巢Pmcyclin G2基因表达升高,多巴胺(DA)则抑制卵巢中Pmcyclin G2基因表达。利用原核表达技术获得了cyclin G2的体外重组蛋白,Western Blot分析证实重组蛋白为cyclin G2蛋白。此结果为进一步研究该蛋白的功能提供了条件。以上研究结果表明,Pmcyclin G2基因可能与斑节对虾卵母细胞发育有密切关系,该结果可为进一步探究斑节对虾卵巢的发育机理提供理论依据。     

Ophiobolin O Isolated from Aspergillus ustus Induces G1 Arrest of MCF-7 Cells through Interaction with AKT/GSK3β/Cyclin D1 Signaling

Ophiobolin O is a member of ophiobolin family, which has been proved to be a potent anti-tumor drug candidate for human breast cancer. However, the anti-tumor effect and the mechanism of ophiobolin O remain unclear. In this study, we further verified ophiobolin O-induced G1 phase arrest in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and found that ophiobolin O reduced the phosphorylation level of AKT and GSK3β, and induced down-regulation of cyclin D1. The inverse docking (INVDOCK) analysis indicated that ophiobolin O could bind to GSK3β, and GSK3β knockdown abolished cyclin D1 degradation and G1 phase arrest. Pre-treatment with phosphatase inhibitor sodium or thovanadate halted dephosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β, and blocked ophiobolin O-induced G1 phase arrest. These data suggest that ophiobolin O may induce G1 arrest in MCF-7 cells through interaction with AKT/GSK3β/cyclin D1 signaling. In vivo, ophiobolin O suppressed tumor growth and showed little toxicity in mouse xenograft models. Overall, these findings provide theoretical basis for the therapeutic use of ophiobolin O.     

斑节对虾细胞周期蛋白B慢病毒载体的构建及对Hela细胞增殖影响

细胞周期蛋白B（Cyclin B）是影响卵母细胞发育成熟的重要基因。文章构建了PmCyB慢病毒表达载体,并和慢病毒包装复合物在293T细胞中包装成慢病毒颗粒。利用包装好的慢病毒颗粒,感染干扰了Cyclin B1基因的Hela细胞,研究了PmCyB对Hela细胞增殖的影响。结果表明,通过siRNA干扰细胞自身的Cyclin B1后,转染对照组病毒液的Hela细胞增殖减缓;同时,干扰后转入含有PmCyB重组慢病毒表达载体,Hela细胞增殖速度明显要高于转染对照组病毒液的Hela细胞的增殖速度。这一结果表明,PmCyB基因的过表达能补偿Cyclin B1缺失导致的细胞增殖减缓的现象,说明PmCyB基因具有细胞周期调控功能,是细胞增殖与分化的重要调控基因,且功能可能与人类的Cyclin B1相似。人类的Cyclin B1是卵母细胞发育成熟的重要基因。由此可以推断,PmCyB基因可能对斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）卵巢发育成熟起着重要作用。     

斑节对虾细胞周期蛋白Y基因克隆与原核表达

为了研究细胞周期蛋白Y(cyclin Y)在斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)卵巢发育中的作用,从斑节对虾转录组数据中筛选获得cyclin Y基因部分序列,采用SMART-RACE方法克隆得到斑节对虾细胞周期蛋白Y(Pm-cyclin Y)基因c DNA全序列。Pm-cyclin Y基因c DNA全长1576 bp,其中包含108 bp的5′非编码区(5′UTR)和439 bp的3′非编码区(3′UTR)以及1029 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),可编码342个氨基酸。生物信息学分析显示,其编码的氨基酸序列有1个保守的周期蛋白框(cyclin box)同源结构域(172~257 aa),预测的分子量约为37.6 k D,理论等电点6.64。实时定量PCR显示其m RNA在卵巢的表达量显著高于其他组织(P0.05);并且在卵巢5个不同发育期都有表达,在III期卵巢中的表达量最高。本研究通过原核表达方法对Pm-cyclin Y进行重组表达,为其蛋白质功能方面的研究奠定了基础。