不同形态钾肥对马铃薯产量及品质的影响

采用随机区组设计,研究了在施入等量钾肥的前提下,硫酸钾及氯化钾配施对马铃薯植株生育性状、氨基酸、钾含量等品质和产量及商品薯率的影响.结果表明,等量不同形态钾肥对植株株高和主茎数有一定的影响,对其他生育性状基本无影响;对块茎中蛋氨酸含量无显著影响,对其他类型氨基酸、总氨基酸、还原糖和钾含量有一定影响;对马铃薯产量、经济效...     

镉胁迫下富铁有机肥对芒草生长及镉富集的影响

为了探究镉胁迫下富铁有机肥对芒草生长及镉富集的影响,通过盆栽试验,设置CK（不施肥）、ZCK（施加普通有机肥）和Z2、Z3（施加不同浓度富铁有机肥）处理。结果表明：与CK相比,所有施肥处理均促进了芒草生长,改善了土壤理化性质,抑制了芒草富集重金属,且其中Z2、Z3比ZCK对芒草生长的效果更好。相对于ZCK,Z3的芒草干质量显著增加了131.80%,Z2的芒草根长显著增加了54.22%。此外,Z2地上部的镉含量相比于ZCK显著降低了49.86%,Z3地下部的镉含量相比于CK显著降低了58.94%。研究表明,施加富铁有机肥相对于普通有机肥更能有效促进芒草生长并抑制芒草对镉的富集,该肥料具有对轻度镉污染土壤进行边修复边生产的应用潜力。     

铜在狐尾藻中的积累及亚细胞分布和化学形态

为探索狐尾藻对重金属铜的积累和耐性机制,本研究通过水培试验,研究不同浓度铜处理（0、20、50 mg·L^-1）对狐尾藻（Myriophyllum spicatum L.）生长生理特性以及叶片表皮细胞形态的影响,分析各器官中铜吸收转运及铜在各组织器官亚细胞中的分布和化学形态。结果表明：各浓度铜处理下狐尾藻均能存活,但铜浓度高于50 mg·L^-1时,狐尾藻根、茎、叶生物量相比对照（铜 0 mg·L^-1）处理降低53.48%、36.99%和32.22%。铜处理后,狐尾藻根、茎和叶铜含量分别为11.81~186.34、1.32~7.89、2.11~11.99 mg·kg^-1,根系中铜含量均高于叶片和茎部。铜在狐尾藻中的亚细胞分布主要位于根、茎、叶的细胞壁部分（36.49%~49.61%、45.44%~49.92%、41.45%~55.92%）,其次是可溶性组分（21.65%~25.99%、23.03%~27.65%、18.01%~34.63%）。狐尾藻中铜的赋存化学形态以盐酸提取态、醋酸提取态和乙醇提取态为主,所占比例为76.34%~86.67%,均是活性较低的形态。因此,狐尾藻是铜富集较好的植物,其根部的耐性大于茎、叶。铜以吸附态或蛋白质、果胶酸盐等低活性形态赋存于细胞壁或可溶性组分（液泡）中是狐尾藻积累和耐受铜的重要机制。     

脱氢枞胺水杨醛类席夫碱(Schiff Bases)对铜离子萃取性能的研究

合成5种脱氢枞胺水杨醛类Schiff碱,对其萃取铜离子的影响因素进行研究,并与萃取剂N902对电镀废水中铜离子的萃取性能进行了比较.结果表明:萃取温度和萃取时间对铜离子萃取率的影响不明显,萃取温度在20～30 ℃、萃取时间为2 h就能达到萃取平衡;大部分Schiff碱在低pH范围内对铜离子的萃取效果不理想,在高pH范围内有较好的萃取性能.DHAA 2,3,4-三羟基苯甲醛的萃取效果与N902相当.     

不同水平铜对小鼠营养与免疫功能的影响

试验选用19～20日龄昆明普通级小鼠108只,低铜饲养20d后,随机分成3组,每组设3个重复,每重复4只。1组饲喂以大豆分离蛋白-玉米淀粉为主的基础饲粮作为对照;2、3组饲粮中分别加入4.5mg/kg和45mg/kg的硫酸铜以铜计,测定小鼠组织器官中铜浓度及部分免疫学指标,以研究不同水平铜对小鼠营养和免疫功能的影响。     

晋中市左权县作物土壤有效镁营养状况分析

以长治市左权县东隘口村土壤为研究对象,将48个分别来自玉米地、蓖麻地、谷子地、药材地内的不同土壤类型样品,用原子吸收分光光度计进行有效镁含量的检测。结果表明,试验区内,土壤有效镁含量处于中等水平,且有效镁含量与电导率呈现正相关关系。不同作物下的土壤有效镁含量无显著性差异,而在不同土壤类型间差异性显著。土壤缺镁时,可以施用硫酸钾镁。     

Mesh-like vascular changes in copper deficiency-induced rat cardiomyopathy

The pathological effects of copper deficiency (COD) are well known. However, the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy resulting from COD remains unclear. In this study, aimed to elucidate the pathogenesis of COD-induced cardiomyopathy by examining the morphology of the cardiovascular system in copper-deficient rats using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Changes detected in the myocardium and interstitium were consistent with those reported for COD. Morphological changes included mesh-like changes in the capillary endothelial cells that appear to be a novel finding in COD-induced cardiomyopathy. These changes are hypothesized to result from abnormal vascular remodeling following damage to the basement membrane and due to the mechanical effects of myocardial contractions. Although cardiomyopathy may be associated with microcirculatory disorders arising from these lesions, further investigations are necessary to demonstrate a causal relationship between the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy and the contribution of these lesions to disease progression.     

钼和铜对雏鸡肾脏抗氧化能力的影响

为研究饲料中不同剂量钼和铜对雏鸡肾的影响,试验用2日龄海兰褐壳蛋公雏鸡80只,随机平均分为Ⅰ空白对照组、Ⅱ(Cu 800 mg/kg,Mo 400 mg/kg)、Ⅲ(Cu 800 mg/kg,200 mg/kg)、Ⅳ(Cu 800mg/kg,100mg/kg)组。试验60d,每15d每组随机处死5只测定肾脏总超氧化物岐化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量。结果表明,试验组T-SOD第15天最高,随后呈下降趋势(P0.05);POD、GSH-Px和XOD随时间延长呈上升趋势(P0.05),Ⅲ组GSHPx第30天时最高,最后回归正常,Ⅱ组XOD第30天最高,Ⅲ组POD随时间延长先下降后上升(P0.05),第45天时最高,Ⅳ组POD随时间延长先下降后上升再下降(P0.05)。说明日粮中以2∶1的比例关系添加Cu 800mg/kg、Mo 400mg/kg,随时间的延长可提高肾脏抗氧化能力。     

粉煤灰磁粉表面化学镀铜的研究

粉煤灰磁粉是热电厂生产过程产生的固体废弃物粉煤灰中的一种成分,由于其有内在的磁性和微导电性,通过表面金属化后,能用于制备电磁屏蔽和吸波材料。笔者采用置换反应法在粉煤灰空心磁粉表面进行了化学镀铜的研究。扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDX)分析结果表明,该化学镀方法能在其表面获得良好性能的金属镀层。     

Mineral absorption in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) as compared with the domestic horse

To test whether mineral recommendations for horses are likely to guarantee adequate mineral provision for black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis), we investigated the apparent absorption (aA) of macro- and microminerals in eight black rhinoceroses from three zoological institutions in a total of 32 feeding trials with total faecal collection, with additional data from three unpublished studies (18 feeding trials). Feeds and faeces were analysed for Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Co. The resulting aA coefficients, and the linear relationships of apparently absorbable dietary mineral content to total dietary mineral content [per 100 g dry matter (DM)], were compared with data for domestic horses. Rhinoceroses had significantly higher aA coefficients for Ca and Mg (because of a higher calculated 'true' absorption), and lower ones for Na and K (because of calculated higher endogenous faecal losses). High absorption efficiency for divalent cations is hypothesized to be an adaptation to a natural diet of particularly high Ca:P ratio (approximately 14:1); an effective removal of Ca from the ingesta guarantees sufficient P availability at the fermentation site in the hindgut. Higher faecal losses of Na and K are hypothesized to be linked to a higher faecal bulk per DM intake in black rhinoceroses as compared with horses because of a generally lower digestive efficiency. There were no relevant differences in the absorption patterns of microminerals. In particular, there were no discernable differences in Fe absorption within the rhinoceroses for diets with and without tannin supplementation. Several of the zoo diets assessed in this study were deficient in Cu, Mn or Zn, and most contained excessive levels of Fe when compared with horse requirements. The findings of this study indicate that differences in mineral absorption between occur even between species of similar digestive anatomy; that in particular, Ca absorption might vary between hindgut fermenters with Ca:P ratio in their natural diet; that Na might be a particularly limiting factor in the ecology of free-ranging rhinoceroses; that moderate doses of tannins do not seem to markedly influence mineral absorption; and that diets for captive animals should contain adequate, but not excessive mineral levels.