Growth and development of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. and its impact on selected crops

The growth and development of Cuscuta chinensis Lam., and the effects of the holoparasite on the growth and yield of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ), chilli ( Capsicum annuum ) and rice ( Oryza sativa ) were investigated in pot experiments under glasshouse conditions. 'Mature' and 'immature' seeds of C. chinensis showed 15 and 47% germination, respectively. The independent life duration of seedlings from 'immature' seeds was 6 days shorter than 'mature' seeds (19 days). Cuscuta chinensis formed haustoria on chilli and tomato, but not on rice seedlings. Infection with three C. chinensis seedlings per host plant reduced leaf area, dry weight, carbon and nitrogen content by 78–84% and 27–44% in tomato and chilli plants, respectively. Dry weight of C. chinensis was 0.63 g per pot in tomato, and 0.24 g per pot in chilli. Carbon and nitrogen content of C. chinensis was 0.189 and 0.028 g per pot, respectively, when grown with tomato. When it was grown with chilli, the carbon and nitrogen content of C. chinensis was 0.001 and 0.007 g per pot, respectively. Cuscuta chinensis reduced the fruit yield of tomato and chilli by 72 and 29%, respectively. The results indicated that tomato is a preferred host of C. chinensis compared with chilli, and rice is not preferred. In the host–parasite associations, C. chinensis suppressed growth and yield of chilli and tomato by diverting the elaborated products of metabolism of the hosts.     

干椒新品种蓉椒6号的选育

自交系9804和9909杂交配制成杂交一代干椒，植株生长旺盛，座果力强，较抗病毒病和疫病，果实指形，纵长17～19cm，横径1．2cm，青熟果绿色，老熟果鲜红色，单果重8．3g，味辣，品质佳，中熟品种，从定植到采收55d(天)，一般每667m^2产1500～1900kg。     

辣椒果实生长及产量形成模拟研究

为研究辣椒果实生长发育与环境因子之间的关系以及建立辣椒产量预测模型,为辣椒果实的无损测定提供理论和技术支撑,对不同辣椒品种的试验数据进行处理,构建基于生理发育时间的果实纵、横径生长模型,以及果实鲜重与纵、横径关系的线性模型,并建立了以上述模型为基础的辣椒产量预测模型.运用独立试验数据对模型进行检验,结果显示:除Y187果实纵径和横径的均方根误差(RMSE)＞20％外,其余模型RMSE均小于20％,表明,所建模型具有较高的预测精度,能够很好地模拟辣椒果实生长和产量形成.     

超干处理和贮藏对番茄和辣椒种子生活力和活力的影响

试验采用氧化钙为干燥剂对番茄和辣椒种子进行超平处理和贮藏，以研究其对种子生活力和活力的影响。结果表明，番茄种子水分降至3．77％、辣椒种子水分降至3．86％，未发现对种子生活力和活力有明显的影响；对不同含水量的番茄和辣椒种子室温密闭贮今6个月后的调查结果发现，超低水分种子生活力和活力较高，细胞膜能保持较好的完整性，脱氢酶活性和呼吸强度较高。由此可见超干贮藏有利于保持番茄和辣椒种子的生活力和活力。     

辣椒籽的超临界提取物对辣椒红色素抗氧化作用的研究

采用超临界流体萃取技术制备辣椒籽提取物，将其添加到辣椒红色素中，通过分光光度法比色定期测定色素溶液吸光度。计算色价的残留率。结果表明：辣椒籽提取物对辣椒红色素有明显的抗氧化作用，添加辣椒籽提取物有利于提高辣椒红色素的稳定性。当每克辣椒红色素中加入辣椒籽提取物的质量为1mg时，辣椒红色素的抗氧化性明显提高，其色价残留率比不加提取物的提高9％。在氧化剂（H2O2）、还原剂（Na2SO3）存在条件下，加入提取物后辣椒红色素色价残留率比未加提取物的分别提高了14．32％和23．82％。     

贵州省辣椒制品中黄曲霉毒素B1的污染调查

为了解贵州省辣椒制品中黄曲霉毒素B1的污染情况,采用ELISA方法对2009—2010年贵州省9个地区市场销售的669份辣椒制品中黄曲霉毒素B1含量进行检测分析。结果表明,贵州省辣椒制品中总体存在黄曲霉毒素B1的轻度污染,尤其是干辣椒制品中黄曲霉毒素B1的污染情况较重。     

南疆地区复播制干辣椒栽培试验

冬小麦收获后复播制干辣椒栽培模式能够充分利用光热资源,增加复播指数,提高效益。在喀什地区莎车县对早熟品种美国红植干椒、墨西哥甜椒、铁板椒等制干辣椒进行了育苗、果树行间麦茬后复播试验。结果表明,复播的3个早熟品种均表现出较好的产量收益,美国红植干椒表现出良好的产量潜力,辣椒素含量较高;墨西哥甜椒的单株结果数较多,单果重高,但成熟期较晚。其它两品种熟性较早。通过试验研究证明,复播制干辣椒夏季育苗移栽技术的要点主要是,适时播种、移栽,苗期气温回升时的肥水管理及病虫害管理。根据产量、品质及生育期调查结果,美国红植干椒是适于复播的最佳早熟品种,麦茬复播可充分发挥此品种生育期短、集中成熟、产量高等优良特性,可作为南疆复播制干辣椒的首选品种。     

Mapping of male sterility gene ms10 in chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Most of the hybrid seed in chilli are produced manually, but the use of male sterility (MS) can reduce the cost of hybrid seed production. MS‐12, a nuclear male‐sterile (NMS) line developed at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (India), has been utilized to develop commercial F₁ hybrids. A recessive gene, designated as ms10, governs MS in MS‐12. Due to recessive gene control, development of new NMS lines incorporating ms10 gene is tedious and time‐consuming. We identified SSR markers AVRDC‐PP12 and AVRDC_MD997* linked to the ms10 gene. A total of 558 primer pairs were screened following bulked segregant analysis (BSA). Linkage analysis in 210 F₂ plants indicated that the two SSR markers were linked to the ms10 gene and the marker AVRDC‐PP12 was closest to the gene at 7.2 cM distance. The marker was mapped to chromosome 1 at genome position 175 694 513 to 175 694 644. Until more closely linked markers are developed, the marker AVRDC‐PP12 would facilitate transfer of ms10 gene through marker‐assisted selection (MAS). Fine mapping would lead to cloning of the ms10 gene.     

辣椒油制作最佳工艺条件研究

研究辣椒油制作方法及最佳工艺条件.通过对辣椒原料选择及配比、炒制方法、粉碎方法、湔油种类、湔油温度、辅料添加量等因素的试验,运用对成品辣椒油感官评价的方法,得出辣椒油制作的最佳工艺条件为主料选用蒙古托县红辣椒与湖南朝天椒,其质量比为6∶4;通过炒三炕二的炒制方法,小舂臼精工细作的粉碎方法,140℃的菜籽油湔制,所制得辣椒油色泽红亮、辣味醇厚、麻度适口、香辣扑鼻.