Salinity Effects on the Growth and Ion Contents of Some Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) Varieties

The effect of salinity on seed germination, plant yield parameters, and plant Na, Cl and K concentrations of chickpea and lentil varieties was studied. Results showed that in both crops percentage emergence was significantly reduced by increasing NaCl levels (0–8dSm^?1). From the plant growth studies it was found that differences existed among chickpea and lentil varieties in their response to NaCl application. In chickpea, the variety Mariye showed the comparatively lowest germination percentage and the lowest seedling shoot dry weight in response to salinity and was also among the two varieties which had the lowest relative plant height, shoot and root dry weight and grain yield at maturity. Similarly, variety DZ-10-16-2, which was the second best in germination percentage and the highest in terms of seedling shoot dry weight, also had the highest relative plant height, shoot and root dry weights, and grain yield at maturity. In lentil, however, such relationships were less pronounced. Chloride concentration (mg g^?1) in the plant parts at salt levels other than the control was about 2–5 times that of Na. K concentration in the plants was significantly reduced by increasing NaCl levels. Chickpea was generally more sensitive to NaCl salinity than lentil. While no seeds were produced at salinity levels beyond 2dSm^?1 in chickpea (no seeds were produced at this salt level in the most sensitive variety, Mariye), most lentil varieties could produce some seeds up to the highest level of NaCl application. Overall, varieties R-186 (lentil) and Mariye (chickpea) were the most sensitive of all varieties. On the other hand, lentil variety NEL-2704 and chickpea variety DZ-10-16-2 gave comparatively higher mean relative shoot and root dry weights, and grain yield, thus showing some degree of superiority over the others. The observed variations among the varieties may be useful indications for screening varieties of both crops for salt tolerance.     

肽在瘤胃内的代谢和利用

微生物蛋白降解作用形成的多肽经过一系列肽酶最终转化为氨基酸,其速度取决于多肽的化学组成和N端结构.大多数情况下,瘤胃肽在栖瘤胃拟杆菌分泌的二肽基肽酶作用下,从多肽N未端释放二肽而不是游离氨基酸.通过抑制栖瘤胃拟杆菌的二肽基肽酶活性或该菌对肽吸收率可以减慢混合瘤胃群落对肽的水解速率.肽和氨基酸刺激瘤胃微生物的生长,并且对许多种菌的最佳生长是必需的.纤维分解菌是个例外.当然,细菌蛋白质合成时利用氨与肽和氨基酸的比例也取决于它们的浓度.     

Gene genealogies support Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris as a monophyletic group

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (Foc), the causal agent of fusarium wilt of chickpea, consists of two pathotypes (yellowing and wilting) and eight races (races 0, 1B/C, 1A and 2–6) of diverse geographical distribution. Six Foc isolates, one each of races 0, 1B/C, 1A, 4, 5 and 6, representing the two pathotypes and the geographical range of the pathogen, showed identical sequences in introns of the genes for translation elongation factor 1α ( EF1 α), β-tubulin, histone 3, actin and calmodulin. Eleven additional Foc isolates representative of all races, pathotypes and geographical range, and three isolates of F. oxysporum (Fo) nonpathogenic to chickpea were further analysed for sequence variation in the EF1 α gene. All isolates pathogenic to chickpeas shared an identical EF1 α gene sequence, which differed from that shared by the three Fo isolates nonpathogenic to chickpea. EF1 α gene sequences from the 17 Foc isolates and the three Fo isolates were compared with 24 EF1 α gene sequences in GenBank from isolates of 11 formae speciales of F. oxysporum by parsimony analysis. Foc isolates formed a grouping distinct from other formae speciales and nonpathogenic isolates. These results indicate that F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris is monophyletic.     

昆虫抗菌肽生物学活性及其应用前景

昆虫抗菌肽是昆虫免疫后存在于血淋巴中的一类活性肽 ,具有广谱的抗菌、抗病毒、抑制肿瘤的生物活性 ,具有很高的应用潜力。本文主要介绍昆虫抗菌肽的类型、生理活性、基因的克隆与表达及在动物科学中的应用前景     

Optimum Soil Water Content for Chickpea Emergence in Heavy‐Textured Soils of North‐West Bangladesh

Sowing of chickpea in the heavy‐textured soils of north‐west Bangladesh with minimum tillage technology aims to increase the timely planting of large areas during a relatively short sowing window before soil water deficit limits germination and emergence. However, the seedbed conditions into which chickpea is sown need to be better quantified, so that limiting factors which affect germination and emergence can be identified. Two of the soil physical characteristics of importance are soil water and aeration. Growth cabinet studies have identified the fastest germination and emergence of chickpea on representative soils for this area at gravimetric water contents of 17–18 %, whilst soil water contents above and below this delayed germination and emergence. Emergence was recorded at soil water potentials between field capacity (?10 kPa) and wilting point (?1500 kPa). Emergence was possible at lower soil water potentials in the finer textured soil, whilst in coarser textured soil, emergence was still possible at higher soil water potentials.     

油菜籽来源抗氧化物质研究进展

油菜籽中含有多种具有抗氧化活性的物质，为抵御机体的氧化损伤起到了积极作用。本文综述了油菜籽来源的诸多抗氧化活性成分及抗氧化活性的评价方法。油菜籽主要的抗氧化成分有肽类、多酚类、多糖类、生育酚和其它抗氧化成分，其中的肽类主要有三种产生方式：非消化酶酶解、消化酶酶解和发酵。针对油菜籽来源的活性物质抗氧化活性的评价方法，包括体外测定方法（化学检测）和细胞内抗氧化实验和动物实验。综述还探讨了油菜籽抗氧化活性成分研究中存在的问题和解决方法，旨在为油菜籽活性成分的开发和利用提供参考。     

Effect of Harvest Timing on Yield and Mineral Nutritional Value of Kabuli Type Chickpea Seeds

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds are a good source of protein and mineral nutrients. However, there is no information regarding harvest timing on yield and mineral composition of chickpea seeds. The effect of harvest timing on seed yield, some yield components and mineral nutritional value of seeds of field grown chickpea plants in two different sites were studied. The mineral composition of chickpea straw depending on harvest timing was also evaluated in order to explain the variations of seed mineral concentrations in sink-source relationship manner. Yield and mineral nutritional value of chickpea were significantly affected by harvest timing. When compared to the seed yield at optimal harvest time, seed yield was 18% and 9% lower in the early harvest and 27% and 31% in the late harvest in Site 1 and Site 2, respectively. Late harvest of chickpea crops resulted in significant pod dropping and shattering. Generally, protein, phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) concentrations of the seeds in optimal harvest were found to be greater than in early and late harvested plants. Harvest timing also results in significant variations in straw mineral nutrient concentrations of the plants. As the results of this study, it was concluded that the harvest timing is critical for yield losses and mineral nutritional value of chickpea seeds.     

菜豆根瘤菌Rhizobium etli CFN42全基因组含信号肽分泌蛋白的鉴定与分析

利用菜豆根瘤菌Rhizobium etli CFN42全基因组测序结果,结合计算机技术和生物信息学分析方法,对菜豆根瘤菌蛋白质组中的分泌蛋白进行预测和分析,以便更深入地了解共生固氮的分子机制。经过分析发现,在该根瘤菌5 963个蛋白质中,具有信号肽的分泌蛋白332个,占总数的5.4%主要涉及底物转运、物质代谢和信号转导等方面。在有功能描述的186个分泌蛋白中,识别了Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型分泌系统和丝氨酸蛋白酶,这些蛋白质可能参与了根瘤菌对宿主植物的侵染,是两者分子对话的关键参与者;在假定蛋白中,通过结构域分析,发现了SH3b、BA14K和EFh结构域,含有这些结构域的分泌蛋白可能参与了根瘤信号转导途径。在根瘤菌共生结瘤过程中,分泌蛋白发挥了重要作用。     

抗菌肽Shiva A基因在转基因柑橘无性繁殖后代中的遗传与表达分析

为进一步明确外源基因在转基因柑橘无性繁殖后代中的遗传稳定性及目标性状表现,本研究以转双价抗菌肽基因(ShivaA-cecropinB)纽荷尔脐橙(Citrus Sinensis Osbeck)无性繁殖后代植株为材料,通过PCR扩增,Southern杂交和实时定量PCR检测,以及温室抗病性评价分析等,对抗菌肽ShivaA基因在转基因柑橘后代株系中的遗传稳定性进行了研究.结果表明,外源抗菌肽Shiva A基因在转基因及其无性后代中能够稳定整合与表达.Southern杂交分析表明,ShivaA基因在无性繁殖后代基因组中为1个拷贝,而在T0代中为2个拷贝,由此推测T0代植株为混合嵌合体.定量PCR分析表明,ShivaA基因在To代中的表达水平低于其无性繁殖后代.本研究中外源基因的表达与拷贝数的多少成负相关.研究结果为开展转基因柑橘安全性评价提供了有用的实验材料,积累了有效的实验数据.     

酪蛋白酶解改性研究进展

酪蛋白酶法改性不仅可以提高人体对酪蛋白的消化吸收,其水解产物中含有许多生理活性肽。从酪蛋白的酶解方法和酶解产物功能性角度,综述了相关国内外研究进展。