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排序方式: 共有188条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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The effect of sowing date, stale seedbed, row width and mechanical weed control on weeds and yields of organic winter wheat 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
I A Rasmussen 《Weed Research》2004,44(1):12-20
Three field experiments were carried out in organically grown winter wheat in Denmark. The treatments were sowing time (normal or late sowing) and false seedbed, row width (12 and 24 cm) and weed control method [untreated; mechanical weed control (weed harrowing at 12 cm supplemented with inter‐row hoeing at 24 cm); and herbicide weed control]. Weed biomass in midsummer was greatest on plots sown at the normal sowing time (compared with delayed sowing) and was reduced by mechanical or chemical weed control (compared with untreated plots). Row width alone had no influence on weed biomass, but in the experiment with high weed pressure, the more intensive mechanical weed control used at a row width of 24 cm reduced weed biomass. Normal sowing time tended to give higher yields, but this was only statistically significant in one of the three experiments. Wide rows gave a yield decrease in the experiment with low weed pressure. The effect of weed control on yield was dependent on the weed pressure. At low weed pressure, mechanical weed control caused a yield decrease compared with untreated or herbicide treated. At intermediate weed levels there were no differences, whereas at high weed pressure, mechanical weed control and herbicide treatment caused a yield increase compared with untreated. False seedbeds were shown to contribute to a decrease in the soil seed reserve. 相似文献
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立足宁南旱地小杂粮生产现状,通过分析影响产业化发展的主要限制因子,提出了以持续增进降水生产潜力,提高降水利用率和农田水分效率为重点,大力推广优质高效抗旱新品种及配套栽培技术、优化集成抗旱节水农业技术、培肥土壤、建设高产稳产基本农田、加强产业化开发等关键技术。 相似文献
4.
苏北麦田野燕麦与麦类作物生存竞争现象研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
钱希 《南京农业大学学报》1996,19(3):17-22
对苏北麦田野燕麦(AveuafatnaL.)与麦类作物生存竞争现象的观察结果表明,混生在一起的麦类作物与野燕麦,在初始群体基本相同的公平竞争条件下,麦类作物的生存竞争能力超过野燕麦,两者的生存有竞争现象自分蘖开始时已出现;随着生育进程的推移日趋尖锐,至拔节抽穗期达到高峰,麦类作物的相对竞争力在出苗分蘖期是野燕麦的1~2倍,返青拔期是野燕麦2~3倍,至抽穗成熟期达到3~4倍。作者还发现,麦类作物在种 相似文献
5.
冬小麦雪腐病苗期抗病性鉴定方法及抗病种质资源筛选 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了筛选冬小麦雪腐病人工接种抗病性鉴定方法及抗病种质资源,采用正交试验设计,比较了喷雾法、涂抹法和灌根法对冬小麦雪腐病苗期抗病性的鉴定效果以及不同材料的抗病性.结果表明,三种方法比较,采用喷雾法,于冬小麦1叶期,以浓度为105个孢子·mL-1进行接种,为冬小麦雪腐病苗期抗病性鉴定最适宜的方法.利用该鉴定方法以及9株雪腐病菌对8份冬小麦材料进行了抗病性鉴定,发现供试材料间以及同一材料对不同菌株间的抗病性均存在差异.8份冬小麦材料中,冬麦1号抗病性最强,对菌株Gn-rh2免疫,对其他8个菌株均表现为抗病;抗病性最弱的为东农冬麦377;其他品系的抗病性介于两者之间.9个菌株的致病力也存在差异,菌株Gn-rh4毒力最强,Gn-rh2毒力最弱. 相似文献
6.
P. Ziegler 《Journal of Cereal Science》1999,29(3):195
Cerealbeta-amylases are perhaps best known in terms of the vital role they play in releasing easily fermentable sugars from cereal grain starch to fuel the production of alcohol by yeast in brewing. The extent to which they have been investigated is indeed largely due to their significance in this economically important industry. However, cerealbeta-amylases are also, or could be, employed in many other aspects of the food industry and the analysis of starch, and they constitute valuable markers in cereal assessment and breeding studies. Quite apart from their practical significance, they are rewarding objects of biochemical and physiological research. They are interesting models for the study of enzyme polymorphism, post-translational modification and the differential expression of isoenzymes. In spite of their often high activitiesin situand all that is known about their generation, they are an enigma in that their physiological function, or even necessity, remains unclear. It has been recently recognised that there are two different categories of cerealbeta-amylases which exhibit different tissue and taxonomic specificities and physiological developmental patterns. The «classical»beta-amylases present at high activities in cereal seeds appear to be limited to the endosperm of the species of the Triticeae tribe of the Festucoideae subfamily of the Gramineae (wheat, barley and rye), whereas all cereals exhibit a different, tissue-«ubiquitous» form of the enzyme which is present at much lower activity levels. The physiological phenomenology and the usage of cerealbeta-amylases are discussed in relation to these two categories of enzyme. 相似文献
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G. P. Chapman 《Euphytica》1995,81(2):121-129
Summary Techniques of inflorescence and spikelet culture have been used for three major cereals. In maize, the influence of hormones on sexuality has been demonstrated. For wheat and barley the influence of supplying carbohydrate and nitrogen on grain content has been explored. Although in vitro seed setting is less efficient than in vivo the resulting grains, from optimal treatments, are in almost all respects normal or nearly so. Culture media to achieve this are precisely defined.In reviewing this work a major concern has been to highlight an elegant system of enquiry but at the same time to indicate the remarkably small area of interest to which it has been applied. As a prelude therefore to a consideration of the technical achievements, the range of spikelet form, and more particularly, function are examined. The aim is to encourage the application of inflorescence and spikelet culture to a much wider range of topics than hitherto. 相似文献
10.
Using a Chlorophyll Meter to Optimize Nitrogen Fertilizer Application for Intensively-Managed Small-Grain Cereals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Most methods used to estimate N status require collection, processing and analysis of soil and/or plant tissue samples. In this study, leaf chlorophyll content of cereals, determined in the field with a portable chlorophyll meter (Minolta SPAD-502), was used to predict N availability of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), oats ( Avena sativa L.) and rye ( Secale cereale L.). The results indicated that accurate nitrogen (N) fertilizer recommendations based on chlorophyll content have both environmental and economic advantages. Determination of leaf chlorophyll content with a chlorophyll meter accurately indicated plant N status allowing N fertilizer requirement to be accurately determined and resulting in increased N uptake efficiency. Applying N fertilizer on this basis improved production economics and improved physical input-output ratio during grain yield formation. Using a chlorophyll meter, responsive and non-responsive categories can be determined at the stage of maximum number of florets per ear primordium (Zadoks' GS 37-41) and at pollination (i.e. pollen grains on well-developed stigmatic hairs, GS 52-58). 相似文献