旱地(土娄)土长期定位施肥土壤剖面硝态氮分布与累积研究

通过12a大田长期定位试验研究了在自然降水条件、冬小麦—大豆轮作(或休闲)种植制度下,0～400cm土娄土剖面硝态氮分布与积累的特点。结果表明,长期单施氮肥,氮的表观利用率特别低,仅0.51%,氮肥配施钾、磷肥,氮的表观利用率为25%～35%,氮磷钾平衡施肥及配施有机肥,氮的表观利用率达到50%;施N肥方式显著影响土壤硝态氮积累和淋移,旱地土娄土长期单施化学氮肥或氮钾、氮磷、氮磷钾肥使土壤NO-3-N大量积累和淋移;氮磷钾与有机肥的配合施用能有效地缓解土壤对硝态氮的积累,提高氮肥利用率。     

不同程度镉污染对棉花生长和镉富集特征的影响

[目的]研究不同程度镉污染土壤下棉花生长和镉富集的特征.[方法]采用盆栽模拟方法,添加外源镉,分析棉花种植后土壤pH和镉含量的变化,以及镉胁迫对棉花生长和镉积累量的影响.[结果]棉花根系具有酸化作用,使其根际土壤pH下降,随镉胁迫浓度的增加,酸化受到抑制,土壤有效态镉含量随之显著降低.棉花株高和地上部生物量随镉浓度增加...     

鲜黄梨果实糖积累及山梨醇转化相关酶活性的变化

对鲜黄梨果实发育中糖积累及山梨醇转化相关酶活性的变化进行了研究。结果表明:果实发育前期以积累山梨醇和淀粉为主,后期以积累果糖为主。果实整个发育过程中,葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、可溶性总糖含量逐渐增加,山梨醇和淀粉含量先增加后降低。山梨醇脱氢酶和山梨醇氧化酶在果实发育早中期活性逐渐增高,后期活性降低,但较前期高,两者共同对山梨醇的转化起调控作用。     

间作对咖啡和澳洲坚果根系形态、分布及养分累积的影响

为探明澳洲坚果与咖啡间作对地上部生长及地下部互作效应,为生产推广复合高效栽培模式提供理论依据,布置了咖啡和澳洲坚果间作盆栽实验,以二者分别单作为对照,分析植株的生长量、生物量、养分含量、根系形态以及土壤养分的差异.结果表明:(1)间作咖啡和间作澳洲坚果根干重、茎干重、单株总干重分别为40.86、50.38、148.34...     

东北细辛根系对钙、镁、硫的积累动态研究

对不同年生、不同生育时期的东北细辛根系中钙、镁、硫的积累动态进行了研究。结果表明:五年生东北细辛根系中钙的积累量变幅较大,5月末展叶期最高(22.15 mg/kg),到7月初果实采收后下降到最低(8.98 mg/kg);二年生植株根系中不同时期钙的积累均高于三,四,六年生,镁的积累较活跃,6月末果期达到最高(10.28 mg/kg);五年生镁的积累量在7月初降到最低(5.06 mg/kg);不同年生东北细辛根系对硫的积累量为209.3~60.92 mg/kg,远高于对钙、镁的积累量;从5月初展叶到6月中旬开始结果五年生植株根系硫的积累量高于其它年生,二年生最低。东北细辛根系对钙、镁、硫的积累以二、五年生较为活跃,且表现在开花期到结果期。     

施肥对甜菜产量、物质积累和养分吸收规律的影响

采用田间试验研究了施肥对甜菜产量、干物质积累和吸肥规律的影响。结果表明：氮、磷、钾肥配合施用可以提高甜菜产量,制约甜菜产量的养分因子依次为N〉P〉K。干物质日积累规律为：苗期增长缓慢,叶和块根分别在出苗后80,125d达到最大值,在60～80d时,块根的日积累量超过叶。氮的吸收速率,全株表现为慢-快-慢的规律,叶片和块根分别在出苗后100,160d达到最大值,氮的累积总量在叶中较多。磷的吸收速率,叶片表现为出苗后40～80d最快,块根在40～120d快速增加并达到最大值;磷在叶和根中的累积量分别在出苗后80,120d达到最大,80d之后根的累积量超过叶。对于钾,叶在出苗后40—120d快速吸收并达到最大值,块根在出苗60d后吸收加快,收获时达到最大;在整个生育期内块根对K的吸收量都低于叶。甜菜单株日吸收N和P量分别在出苗后100,60d达到最大值;K的日吸收量苗期较少,40～80d快速增加达到最大,收获前出现负增长。     

Cosmetic Application of Cyanobacteria Extracts with a Sustainable Vision to Skincare: Role in the Antioxidant and Antiaging Process

Nature-based and sustainably sourced cosmetics have been dominating the area of skincare products worldwide. Due to their antioxidant and antiaging properties, compounds from cyanobacteria, such as carotenoids and phycobiliproteins, may replace synthetic ingredients in cosmetic formulations and may be used in products such as sunscreens, skincare creams, and makeup. In this study, we evaluated the potential of acetonic and aqueous extracts from cyanobacteria strains of the genera Cyanobium and Leptothoe and from strains within Synechococcales and Oscillatoriales orders, for use in cosmetics. Extractions were sequentially performed with acetone and water. Extracts were firstly analyzed for their toxicity to keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells (HaCAT, 3T3L1 and hCMEC/D3, respectively). The non-cytotoxic extracts were characterized in terms of total proteins, carotenoids, chlorophyll, phenols, phycobiliproteins, and analyzed for their antioxidant potential against the superoxide anion radical (O₂^•−), and for their ability to inhibit key enzymes associated with the skin aging process. Aqueous extracts were richer in total proteins and phycobiliproteins. The aqueous extracts of Synechococcales cyanobacterium LEGE 181157 and Synechococcales cyanobacterium LEGE 181150 showed the highest value for total proteins (760.81 and 695.25 μg BSA mL⁻¹_{dry extract,} respectively) and the best values regarding O₂^•− scavenging (IC₅₀ = 63.24 and 112.18 μg mL⁻¹_{dry extract}, respectively) with a significant negative correlation observed (p < 0.01). Moreover, aqueous extracts of Synechococcales cyanobacterium LEGE 181150 and Synechococcales cyanobacterium LEGE 181157 inhibited hyaluronidase, (IC₅₀ of 483.86 and 645.06 μg mL⁻¹_{dry extract}, respectively), with a significant negative correlation with total proteins (p < 0.05), pointing out the contribution of these compounds to the biological activities observed. Acetonic extracts were richer in carotenoids and phenols. Zeaxanthin and β-carotene were predominant among all strains, being present in higher amount in Cyanobium sp. LEGE 07175 (53.08 μg mg⁻¹) and Leptothoe sp. LEGE 181156 (47.89 μg mg⁻¹), respectively. The same strains also showed the highest values for collagenase inhibition at 750 μg mL⁻¹_{dry extract} (32.88 and 36.61%, respectively). Furthermore, Leptothoe sp. LEGE 181156 exhibited the lowest IC₅₀ value for tyrosinase inhibition (465.92 μg mL⁻¹_{dry extract}) and Synechococcales cyanobacterium LEGE 181157 presented the best values for elastase inhibition (IC₅₀ of 380.50 and IC₂₅ of 51.43 μg mL⁻¹_{dry extract}). In general, cyanobacteria extracts demonstrated potential for being used for antiaging purposes, with aqueous extracts being more efficient at free radicals scavenging and acetonic ones at avoiding degradation of dermal matrix components.     

茶产业集聚的实证研究

产业集聚是经济发展过程中所表现出的一种空间聚集和地方专业化的经济现象。利用区位商LQ系数和产业地理集中指数对安徽省茶产业2002~2006年的集聚情况进行效益分析。结果表明,安徽茶产业具有明显的产业集聚现象,且主要集中在皖南和皖西地区,并通过其回归分析模型验证了茶产业的集聚水平与产业的发展高度正相关。     

减源对超高产夏玉米物质积累及氮素利用的影响

通过不同减源处理,研究了在超高产条件下减源对夏玉米物质积累和氮素利用的影响。结果表明：在超高产条件下剪叶1／4和1／2后地上部生物量和籽粒产量未出现显著性下降;减源后玉米植株对氮素的积累量增加;超高产条件下剪叶1／4和1／2都可以提高氮素收获指数,且随剪叶程度加大,氮素收获指数呈现升高的趋势。选育高产条件下叶面积相对小的高产夏玉米品种,是解决高产条件下氮素利用率低的有效途径。     

光照强度对厚皮甜瓜糖分积累与蔗糖代谢相关酶的影响

【目的】研究不同光照强度对厚皮甜瓜中3种糖分积累与4种蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的影响,以期找到适合秋冬茬甜瓜生长的光照强度。【方法】以"一品天下108"厚皮甜瓜品种为试材,在温度相同的日光温室隔间中,分别设置自然光照、自然光照+补光50μmol/(m2.s)和自然光照+补光100μmol/(m2.s)3个处理,分别于花后7,14,21,28,35,42 d采摘甜瓜果实,研究不同光照强度对甜瓜果实磷酸蔗糖合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)、中性转化酶(NI)、酸性转化酶(AI)活性及蔗糖、果糖、可溶性糖积累的影响。【结果】光照越强的处理,厚皮甜瓜果实中果糖、可溶性糖含量和2个转化酶活性越高;在花后7~21 d,光照越强的处理,厚皮甜瓜果实中蔗糖含量越低,但在花后28~42 d,光照最强的处理,果实中蔗糖含量却最高;SPS活性在厚皮甜瓜果实发育过程中呈波动变化,光照最强处理的果实中SPS活性随果实的成熟总体呈升高趋势;自然光照处理中,SS活性在果实发育过程中呈波动变化,2个补光处理果实中的SS活性变化趋势较一致,即在花后7~21 d活性较低,花后28~42 d活性明显升高。【结论】补光程度达到某一阈值后,才会对甜瓜果实糖分积累和蔗糖酶活性的变化有较大影响。就本试验而言,冬季补光50μmol/(m2.s)的效果不明显,补光100μmol/(m2.s)即可获得较为明显的效果。