Development of specific PCR primers for identification and detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora capsici</Emphasis> Leon

A PCR-based method was developed for the identification and detection of Phytophthora capsici in pepper plants. Three PCR primers (CAPFW, CAPRV1 and CAPRV2) specific for P. capsiciwere designed based on the sequence of its internal transcribed spacer regions. CAPFW/CAPRV1 amplify a 452 bp product from P. capsici DNA whereas CAPFW/CAPRV2 a 595 bp fragment; neither set amplifies DNA from pepper or several fungi pathogenic to pepper. In conventional (single-round) PCR, the limit of detection was 5 pg DNA for both primer sets, whereas in nested PCR the detection limit for both was of 0.5 fg. However, when the dilution series of target DNA were spiked with plant DNA, amplification declined two-fold in both conventional and nested PCR. The CAPFW/CAPRV2 set in conventional PCR was used to detect P. capsici DNA in inoculated plants. Detection occurred as soon as 8h post-inoculation in stem samples from infected but still symptomless plants. The method was also tested to detect fungal DNA in infected soils.     

不同热风温度对板椒连续式干燥特性的实验研究

在连续式辣椒干燥机上进行了板椒干燥实验,研究热风温度对辣椒干燥规律的影响,达到保持辣椒干燥品质、提高干燥速率、减少干燥时间、节省干燥成本的目的。通过改变干燥机中循环热风的温度,测量不同时段辣椒的质量、色泽等参数,分析不同热风温度下辣椒的色泽、干燥的均匀性和干燥速率的变化特点。实验结果表明：随着热风温度的升高,辣椒的干燥速率逐渐加快,表面的明度与红色度逐步升高,而干燥的均匀性则逐渐降低。综合考虑辣椒的干燥效率和干燥品质,热风温度采用65℃辣椒能够保证辣椒良好的色泽和均匀性,并能达到较好的干燥速率。     

Effects of Water Deficit on the Dynamics of Flowering and Fruit Production in Capsicum chinense Jacq in a Tropical Semiarid Region of Venezuela

The degree of crop sensitivity to water deficit, during the different developmental stages of a plant, is an important aspect to consider in tropical semiarid regions. The effect of water deficit on flowering dynamics and fruit production of sweet pepper (Capsicum chinense) was evaluated under several water regimes, during three consecutive years. A complete randomized block design with three replicates was employed. Flowering dynamics and fruit production were measured weekly, and water potentials were obtained twice during the experiments. For all years, flowering began at approximately 70 days after transplanting. In the most favourable year (trial 1996), there were no differences in total flower and fruit production in terms of irrigation frequency. For the other less favourable years, flowering and fruit production were significantly different between irrigation frequencies. Our results show that low water availability, prior to flowering, reduces the number of flowers produced and retards the occurrence of maximum flowering. On the other hand, a water deficit during the period between flowering and fruit development reduces final fruit production. This suggests that a water deficit during this last stage affects final yield to a greater extent.     

辣椒种子贮藏蛋白的含量测定和电泳分析

对12个辣椒品种种子内4种贮藏蛋白清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白进行了含量测定和SDS，PAGE电泳分析。结果表明：辣椒种子贮藏蛋白含量以清蛋白和谷蛋白含量最高，其次是球蛋白，醇溶蛋白的含量最低。品种间蛋白质含量差异不明显。各品种都能通过清蛋白、球蛋白和谷蛋白的蛋白质亚基组成信息区别出其差异性。     

云南主要地区辣椒分离的黄瓜花叶病毒的亚组鉴定*

 在云南富民、砚山、邱北和南涧等云南主要辣椒产区采集了28个病毒样品,选择应用RT-PCR,Msp I以及EcoR I酶切和克隆测序等分子生物学手段对其中的7种进行检测。经过RT-PCR实验确定其病原为黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）,同时分离物的Msp I酶切图谱与CMV亚组I的酶切图谱很相似,经EcoR I酶切后也没有出现异常差异。进一步对所检测的黄瓜花叶病毒分离物的外壳蛋白基因进行克隆测序,结果表明,分离物的核苷酸序列与黄瓜花叶病毒亚组I的分离物的核苷酸序列有极高的同源性,达93%~98%; 而与亚组II株系的核苷酸序列同源性仅为77%。因此将所分离到的黄瓜花叶病毒分离物归属于黄瓜花叶病毒亚组I。     

湘研辣椒品种抗疫病筛选及抗性机制研究

采用菌悬浮液接种,对湘研系列的１５ 份辣椒材料进行抗疫病筛选,对其中抗感病水平不同的６ 份材料进行了抗性机制的研究．结果发现,湘研２ 号、５ 号、８ 号、９ 号、１９ 号和８５０１ 抗病性较好,病情指数低于４０,湘研七号、５９０５ 抗病性较差．抗性机制研究中发现,多酚氧化酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性和可溶性蛋白质含量与抗病性呈正相关,而过氧化物酶活性与抗病性呈负相关．     

固液混合油辣椒多相流灌装的数值模拟

以固液混合油辣椒多相流的灌装过程为主要研究对象,采用流体力学计算软件Fluent对其灌装过程进行数值模拟,分别对直径为36、48、60 mm的计量缸在灌装过程中的密度场、各相体积分数的分布状况进行研究。数值模拟结果表明:随着灌装机构计量缸直径的增大,灌装流场的密度均匀性变好,高密度和低密度区域明显减少,直径为60 mm的计量缸其固液混合油辣椒多相流流体的各相体积分数和密度分布比其他两种较好,体积分数与初始设定基本吻合,研究结果为灌装装置的结构设计和灌装工艺提供了理论依据。     

辣椒热风干燥特性的研究(简报)

为了为辣椒热风干燥及设备参数的调整提供理论依据,该文对辣椒进行热风干燥试验,研究其在不同热风温度、风速和装载厚度条件下的热风干燥特性.分析试验得出的不同条件下的干燥特性曲线,然后运用Marlab软件对散点图进行有效拟合,并将其转化成干燥速率曲线.结果表明:温度对辣椒干燥的影响最大,其次为风速和装载厚度;辣椒的干燥过程在初期的大多数时间内处于恒速干燥阶段,然后则处于缓慢降速干燥阶段.     

辣椒地方品种的主成分分析及数量分类

为了进一步优化辣椒杂交品种，估算了36个辣椒地方品种的主要病害抗性、果实营养含量和农艺性状等15个性状的主成分值，并将其分为5大类．结果表明：数量分类的结果基本反映了辣椒品种间的遗传差异，符合实际情况．当主成分的特征值的累计贡献率大于75％时，主成分值就能基本反映原来性状的遗传特征．比较不同的系统聚类方法，类平均法较好地适用于辣椒品种的数量分类。     

初论我国辣椒产业的现状及发展趋势

辣椒是我国人们喜食的蔬菜之一,随着高效农业的推进,我国辣椒生产面积迅速扩大.目前,我国辣椒种植面积居蔬菜作物第二位,而产值和效益居蔬菜作物之首,因此辣椒对提高我国人们的物质生活水平和精神生活水平、解决三农问题做出了重要贡献.本文从辣椒消费量、辣椒加工和国际贸易量等方面分析了我国辣椒产业的市场潜力;从辣椒的种植面积、总产量、栽培方式、品种利用等方面分析了我国辣椒生产的现状和存在问题,提出辣椒生产的新趋势;从辣椒育种和基础研究两方面对我国辣椒研究现状与发达国家之间进行了比较,并提出了今后辣椒研究的方向;对我国辣椒种业现状与发达国家进行了比较,分析了目前国外品种对我国辣椒种业的影响.作者针对国际国内市场,为增加我国辣椒产业的核心竞争力,提出六点建议.