QTL mapping for capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content in a population of Capsicum annuum ‘NB1’ × Capsicum chinense ‘Bhut Jolokia’

Capsaicinoids are pungent compounds used for industrial and medical purposes including food, medicine and cosmetics. The Indian local variety ‘Bhut Jolokia’ (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) is one of the world's hottest chilli peppers. It produces more than one million Scoville heat units (SHUs) in total capsaicinoids. In this study, our goal was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for the high content of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in ‘Bhut Jolokia’. Capsicum annuum ‘NB1’, a Korean pepper inbred line containing 14 000 SHUs, was used as a maternal line. An F₂ population derived by crossing between ‘NB1’ and ‘Bhut Jolokia’ was generated to map QTLs for capsaicinoids content. A total of 234 markers, including 201 HRM, 21 SSR, 2 CAPS and 10 gene‐based markers of the capsaicinoid synthesis pathway, were mapped. The final map covered a total distance of 1175.2 cM and contained 12 linkage groups corresponding to the basic chromosome number of chilli pepper. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content were analysed in 175 F₂ pepper fruits using the HPLC method. The maximum total capsaicinoids content was 1389 mg per 100g DW (dry weight), and the minimum content was 11 mg per 100g DW. Two QTLs (qcap3.1 and qcap6.1) for capsaicin content were identified on LG3 and LG6, and two QTLs (qhdc2.1 and qdhc2.2) for dihydrocapsaicin content were located on LG2. We did not detect QTLs for total capsaicinoids content. The QTL positions for capsaicin content were different from those for dihydrocapsaicin content. These results indicate that the complexity of selecting for more pungent chilli peppers must be considered in a chilli pepper breeding programme. The QTL‐linked markers identified here will be helpful to develop more pungent pepper varieties from ‘Bhut Jolokia’, a very hot pepper.     

辣椒素的提纯研究

介绍了辣椒素类物质的化学组成、结构和理化性质,综述了近年来国内外辣椒素的提取、纯化方法。     

减轻辣椒汁辣味方法的研究

以荆州市鲜销青辣椒为原料，研究了用乙醇溶液、NaOH溶液浸泡脱除辣椒素类物质、加活性炭吸附辣椒素类物质及加β－CD、白砂糖、香精掩盖辣味等方法减轻辣椒汁辣味的效果。结果表明：乙醇溶液浸泡、加入β－CD、白砂糖能较好地减轻辣椒汁辣味，并保留维生素C含量。最佳结果是：在100mL辣椒汁中加入1gβ-CD和6.7g白砂糖可使原汁辣味相当于25％－30％的辣椒汁。     

不同干椒品种中辣椒素总含量的比较

采用HPLC法对30份干椒品种中所含的辣椒素、二氢辣椒素含量进行了测定。结果表明：干椒中辣椒素和二氢辣椒素含量因品种而异,变异系数大,变异系数分别为77.44%和82.62%;辣椒素和二氢辣椒素含量的频次分布趋势基本相同;辣椒素总含量和辣度的频次分布趋势也基本相同。     

不同发光二极管(LED)光质对辣椒(Capsicum annum L.)采后品质的影响

为探究不同LED光质对辣椒采后果实品质的影响,以黑暗处理为对照,采用LED白光、红光和蓝光分别对辣椒(Capsicum annum L.)P1833的采后果实进行处理,并对果实质量和硬度、辣椒素类物质、维生素C、氨基酸含量等商品性和风味营养指标进行了测定和比较分析。结果表明,与对照相比,LED白光处理可显著降低辣椒果实中的辣椒素类物质含量,提高叶绿素含量(P<0.05);LED红光处理的辣椒果实质量和硬度与对照相比无显著差异,蛋白质和维生素C含量显著高于对照(P<0.05);LED蓝光处理果实辣椒素类物质含量显著低于对照,显著高于LED白光和红光处理,维生素C含量显著高于对照和白光处理(P<0.05)。此外,LED蓝光处理辣椒果实中的总氨基酸、人体必需氨基酸、儿童必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸含量均达到或接近对照的2倍,且人体必需氨基酸营养价值质量分数明显高于对照和其他光质处理。综上,LED白光能够延缓辣椒果实褪绿,LED红光可保持果实商品性,LED蓝光在增加果实氨基酸营养价值方面具有重要调控作用。     

辣椒碱的研究进展

在分析研究国内外关于辣椒碱类物质的研究成果的基础上,对辣椒碱的代谢、医药作用、分离、提取及测定,尤其是影响辣椒碱类物质合成的因素等方面进行了较详尽的综述,以期为相关研究提供参考。     

湘特辣1号辣椒的选育

利用0419作母本，0429作父本，选育出高辣椒素含量辣椒品种湘特辣1号。该品种属于哈瓦拉辣椒类型，中晚熟，植株生长势强，坐果集中，比同类型品种海南黄帝椒产量高200％以上，且抗病毒病能力强，适合提取辣椒素。     

辣椒及辣椒制品的“辣度”标准化研究

本文在辣椒呈辣机理、辣昧强弱的评价方法等方面进行了综述,并进一步介绍了我国新发布的两个关于辣椒及制品辣度分级的国家标准,还对这两项国家标准推广的意义进行了阐述。     

高效液相色谱法测定辣椒素及辣度计算

本文研究了用超声波法提取,再采用高效液相色谱法测定辣椒素的方法。通过正交试验确定最佳提取条件为:提取温度60℃,提取时间50min,提取功率100%。高效液相色谱分析辣椒素的条件为:色谱柱为AgilentZorbaxSB-C18(5μm,250mm×4.6mm),柱温30.0℃。UV检测器的波长:280nm。流动相V(甲醇):V(水)=80:20,流速0.8mL/min,进样量10!L。本方法测定辣椒素分离度好,快速、准确。     

辣椒的辣味遗传控制与辣椒素生物合成研究进展

 辣椒的辣味源于其果实胎座中合成的辣椒素和二氢辣椒素等生物碱类物质。就辣椒辣味的 遗传特征,影响因素,辣椒素类物质生物合成途径及相关基因进化,辣味性状QTL 定位,Pun1 和pAMT 基因分子标记辅助选择进行了综述。