油菜的硼素效应研究

本文以杂交油菜秦油二号（F1）和常规油菜中油821为试材，以第四纪红土发育的三熟制稻田土为研究对象，较系统地考察了硼素对油菜的生理、生物学和品质效应，结果表明：施硼能极显著地提高根系活力和降低叶片的细胞透性；能有效地提高叶绿素含量，增加叶片厚度和叶片气孔数；有效角果数、角果表观粒数和含油量显著增加，增产效果达极显著水平；对菜籽品质有不同程度的影响，但正负效应随品种（组合）而异，施硼的副效应均主要表现在千粒重显著减小和菌核病成倍增加。     

不同处理对“绿岭”核桃无融合生殖坐果的影响

为探讨不同处理措施对核桃无融合生殖的影响,以"绿岭"核桃为材料,采用聚乙烯醇封柱头后用不同药剂涂抹子房的方法,研究了2,4-D、赤霉素、硼砂及综合处理后"绿岭"核桃的无融合生殖坐果率。结果表明:0.2%的硼砂、30 mg/L的赤霉素、0.3%硼砂+0.3%磷酸二氢钾处理的"绿岭"核桃无融合生殖坐果率分别为88.37%、86.57%、86.27%,均极显著高于对照,分别比对照提高了23.54%、21.74%、21.44%;15 mg/L 2,4-D处理的"绿岭"核桃无融合生殖坐果率为82.50%,显著高于对照,比对照高了17.67%。     

烯效唑和硼肥对杂交小麦制种产量的影响

用种量大,制种产量低是限制杂交小麦大面积推广的关键问题之一。以烯效唑、Openall、硼肥3种化学物质处理小麦不育系,旨在选择提高杂交小麦制种产量的化学物质组合。结果发现,每公顷喷施烯效唑5%粉剂112.5 g和硼砂2 505 g,制种产量可提高22.2%,异交结实率提高6.6个百分点,开颖角度明显增加。     

花椰菜施用硼砂效果试验

进行花椰菜施用硼砂试验,结果表明：每667 m2施用硼砂3.0 kg和4.5 kg的处理分别比不施硼砂的对照处理增产216.7 kg和333.5 kg,增幅为10.7％、16.5％,净增收321.4元和549.0元.     

不同浓度硼砂溶液对日光温室油桃坐果率的影响

日光温室栽培油桃普遍存在果实坐果率低、果个小、着色差等问题。微量元素硼能促进碳水化合物的合成和运转、刺激花粉粒的萌发和花粉管的伸长,提高坐果率。选用0.1%、0.3%、0.5%等3种不同浓度的硼砂溶液,在油桃初花期喷施叶片。结果表明,用硼砂溶液处理过的油桃坐果率都有所增加,浓度为0.1%的硼砂溶液坐果率最高,较喷清水提高了6.37个百分点。     

硼砂对绵羊瘤胃微生物数量、酶活性及血液生化指标的影响

将8只装有瘘管绵羊分为2组,采用反转试验设计,研究在基础日粮中添加2g·kg-1日粮的硼砂对绵羊瘤胃微生物数量的影响。选用4只装有瘘管绵羊,采用4×4拉丁方设计,4种处理为:A组(基础日粮,对照组)、B组(基础日粮+1g硼砂·kg-1日粮)、C组(基础日粮+2g硼砂·kg-1日粮)和D组(基础日粮+25mgAHA·kg-1日粮),研究饲喂硼砂对绵羊瘤胃酶活性及血液生化指标的影响。结果表明,饲喂2g·kg-1日粮硼砂对绵羊瘤胃细菌和原虫数量未产生影响。与对照组相比,B组、C组和D组蛋白水解酶活性分别比对照提高108.2%,200.39%和173.8%,其中C组差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。与对照相比,添加脲酶抑制剂各组,脲酶活性略有降低,纤维素酶、总脱氢酶和淀粉酶活性略有升高,但均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。饲喂硼砂对绵羊血液生化指标未产生影响。说明1～2g·kg-1日粮的硼砂添加量对绵羊是安全的。     

硼砂浸种处理对马铃薯幼苗形态建成及糖代谢的影响

在黑龙江省西部干旱地区,以"克新13"马铃薯为材料,利用不同浓度的硼砂浸种处理,进行盆栽试验,通过测定马铃薯幼苗形态建成、物质积累、糖代谢及相关酶活性,研究硼砂对马铃薯幼苗质量的作用效应。结果表明:适宜浓度硼砂(0.5~2.0 mg·L-1)浸种处理能有效地提高马铃薯株高和茎粗,改善地上部和地下部干物质积累,促进叶片中的糖代谢及相关酶活性,从而提高幼苗质量;当硼砂浓度达到5.0 mg·L-1,则抑制了马铃薯幼苗的正常生长,从而影响了幼苗质量。     

Chlorophyll meter predicts nitrogen status of tall fescue

The nitrogen (N) status of a crop can be used to predict yield and supplemental N fertilizer requirements, and rapid techniques for evaluating the N status of crops are needed. A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using a hand held chlorophyll meter (SPAD 502, Minolta Co. Ltd., Japan) to monitor N status of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Four diverse tall fescue genotypes were grown at three locations in Alabama and fertilized at four N‐rates from 0 to 336 kg ha^‐1. A similar experiment was conducted in the greenhouse using soil from the same field sites. Chlorophyll meter readings (SPAD) were taken, and extractable chlorophyll content, tissue N concentration and dry matter yield were determined at harvest. SPAD, extractable chlorophyll content, tissue N concentration, and dry matter yield increased quadratically (0.67 < R² < 0.99) with increasing N fertilization in both experiments. All genotypes responded similarly to applied N, with some differences in magnitude. Relationships between SPAD meter readings and extractable chlorophyll and tissue N concentrations were linear with r² > 0.95. An additional independent variable, the square root of the inverse of SPAD, lowered the residual mean square by 11 and 16%, respectively, for tissue‐N and chlorophyll concentrations, but did not increase the R². This would be preferred for predictive purposes. Tissue N concentrations at higher N‐rates were sufficient for maximum yield which occurred at 290 and 248 kg N ha^‐1 for greenhouse and field, respectively, but were lower than previously reported sufficiency values. The chlorophyll meter is an easy and efficient method of detecting tall fescue N status.     

Suicidal germination for parasitic weed control

Parasitic weeds of the genera Striga and Orobanche spp. cause severe yield losses in agriculture, especially in developing countries and the Mediterranean. Seeds of these weeds germinate by a chemical signal exuded by the roots of host plants. The radicle thus produced attaches to the root of the host plant, which can then supply nutrients to the parasite. There is an urgent need to control these weeds to ensure better agricultural production. The naturally occurring chemical signals are strigolactones (SLs), e.g. strigol and orobanchol. One option to control these weeds involves the use of SLs as suicidal germination agents, where germination takes place in the absence of a host. Owing to the lack of nutrients, the germinated seeds will die. The structure of natural SLs is too complex to allow multigram synthesis. Therefore, SL analogues are developed for this purpose. Examples are GR24 and Nijmegen‐1. In this paper, the SL analogues Nijmegen‐1 and Nijmegen‐1 Me were applied in the field as suicidal germination agents. Both SL analogues were formulated using an appropriate EC‐approved emulsifier (polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate) and applied to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) fields infested by Orobanche ramosa L. (hemp broomrape), following a strict protocol. Four out of 12 trials showed a reduction in broomrape of ≥95%, two trials were negative, two showed a moderate result, one was unclear and in three cases there was no Orobanche problem in the year of the trials. The trial plots were ca 2000 m²; half of that area was treated with stimulant emulsion, the other half was not treated. The optimal amount of stimulant was 6.25 g ha^?1. A preconditioning prior to the treatment was a prerequisite for a successful trial. In conclusion, the suicidal germination approach to reducing O. ramosa in tobacco fields using formulated SL analogues was successful. Two other options for weed control are discussed: deactivation of stimulants prior to action and biocontrol by Fusarium oxysporum. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

ICP-OES测定豆类馅粽子中硼砂的含量研究

建立了直接溶剂超声提取-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定豆类馅粽子中硼砂含量的方法。该方法简单、准确度高、重现性好,适用于豆类馅粽子中硼砂的日常检测,并建议粽子食品安全国家标准中增加硼砂限量值。