基于便携式生物传感器设备的转基因现场快速分析研究

现场快速检验(point of care test,POCT)是实现转基因基层监管必要的技术手段,在转基因成分检测中发挥着重要作用.生物传感器为转基因成分简单、快速和低成本定量分析提供了一个可行的技术方案.目前大量的生物传感器研究还处于方法学研究阶段,研究者需要着重将生物传感器技术与分析设备集成,开发小型化的便携式检测...     

生物传感器及其在食品检测中的应用

随着现代食品工业的发展,食品分析检测技术的地位日益凸显。生物传感器将生物学检测原理与传感技术相结合,是一种新型的生物学检测技术。生物传感器具有高选择性、高灵敏性等显著特点,在医学、环境污染物检测、食品工业等领域展示了广阔的发展前景。本文综述了生物传感器的分类、特点及其在食品检测中的应用。     

用于食品安全检测的生物传感器的研究进展

生物传感器特异性好、分析速度快、成本低,在食品安全检测领域有着重要的应用价值。该文介绍了电化学、光学、压电和量热生物传感器在食品安全检测中的应用,包括致病菌、抗生素残留、生物毒素和农药残留检测,指出了目前研究中需要解决的问题并展望了未来发展方向,认为高灵敏度、集成化、微型化、多功能化等是未来用于食品安全检测的生物传感器的发展趋势和重点方向。它在食品污染物的快速实时及特异性检测方面有着广阔的应用前景。     

Composted biosolids enhance fertility of a sandy loam soil under dairy pasture

Field and pot trials were established to assess potential benefits and adverse effects of amending a sandy loam soil, under grazed ryegrass-clover pasture, with compost manufactured from wastewater biosolids, wood waste and green waste. Compost was applied to the field trial site annually for 4 years and the pot trials used soil from the field trial site each year after compost application. The pot trials demonstrated that yield of silver beet (Beta vulgaris L.) increased with increasing compost application rate and that plant metal uptake was (except for Zn) unrelated or inversely related to soil metal concentrations. In samples from the field trial, soil total C, N, P and Olsen P increased markedly with increasing compost application rate. Cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cations and total-extractable and EDTA-extractable metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) were also elevated, total Cu to the limit allowable in biosolids-amended soil. Soil basal respiration, microbial biomass C and anaerobically mineralisable N were significantly increased in the amended plots. Anaerobically mineralisable N was highly correlated with respiration (r =0.98, n =24) and only weakly related to microbial biomass C, probably indicating that a high proportion of the N mineralised was from the compost organic matter. Sulphatase and phosphatase activities increased, but not significantly, and there were no measurable effects on rhizobial numbers or on sensitive microbial biosensors (Rhizotox C and lux-marked Escherichia coli). Biosolids compost application enhanced soil fertility, productivity and microbial biomass and activity, with no apparent adverse effects attributable to heavy metals.     

新型固定化乙酰胆碱酯酶传感器的制备及氨基甲酸酯农残检测

以双醛纤维素(dialdehyde cellulose,DAC)为固载酶基质材料,通过固定化酶化学键联技术制备固定化乙酰胆碱酯酶(DAC-AChE),采用自组装法制备多层壳聚糖/固定化乙酰胆碱酯酶/功能化碳纳米管生物传感器(Chi/DAC-AChE/F-CNTs/GCE),利用交流阻抗法(AC impedance,ACI),循环伏安法(cyclic voltammetry,CV)及差分脉冲伏安法(differential pulse voltammetry,DPV)考察新型传感器对农残的检测性能。结果表明:成功制备了新型固定化乙酰胆碱酯酶电化学传感器;新型传感器对氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂1-萘基-N-甲基氨基甲酸酯(carbary,CAB)具有良好的响应,检测方法响应快速,线性范围宽,灵敏度高,最低检出限可达3.5 μg·L-1,具有很好的重现性和稳定性,有关结果可为氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂的检测提供一种新的分析方法。     

生物传感器在纤维素乙醇测定中的应用

为探讨生物传感器在纤维素乙醇测定中的应用,采用乙醇生物传感器分析仪对发酵液中的纤维素乙醇含量进行测定,分析其特点、规律。结果：乙醇生物传感分析仪线性关系良好,线性范围为0.2～20.0 mg/100 mL,回归方程为：Y=5.00225X+0.72273,R＝0.99976;对乙醇的检测快速而准确,检测时间为20 s,回收率为99.3%～100.4 %;与气相色谱方法、酒精计法相比较,差异不显著（P>0.05）;专一性强,且仪器重现性和稳定性较好,检测灵敏度高,检测下限为0.2mg/100mL。乙醇生物传感分析仪用于纤维素乙醇检测,具有检测精度高、速度快（20s）、稳定性好、使用成本低等优势,有望代替酒精计、气相色谱仪等,成为检测纤维素乙醇含量的新方法、新手段。     

农药残留检测用新型碳纳米管固载酶生物传感器的制备及其电学传感性能分析

采用滴涂法、自组装法及化学键合法制备了基于碳纳米管(CNTs)修饰的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)生物传感器,采用循环伏安法(CV)、计时电流法(CA)、交流阻抗法(EIS)和扫描电镜(SEM)对生物传感器的电化学性能和表面形貌进行表征,通过采用该生物传感器对异丙威(氨基甲酸酯类农药)进行分析的结果,考察了其检测性能,研究了各生物传感器的动力学性质及电化学行为,并构建了新型固载酶生物传感器的等效电路模型。结果表明:各生物传感器表观表面积比裸电极显著提高,其电子传递速率遵循以下顺序逐渐降低:乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)/壳聚糖(CS)/功能化碳纳米管(F-CNTs/GCE)生物传感器AChE/F-CNTs/GCE生物传感器CS/双醛纤维素固载酶(DAC-AChE)/F-CNTs/GCE生物传感器,各传感器表观电子传递速率常数分别为:k s AChE/CS/F-CNTs/GCE=0.24 s-1,k s AChE/F-CNTs/GCE=0.23 s-1和k s CS/DAC-AChE/F-CNTs/GCE=0.22 s-1。获得生物传感器电学阻抗谱等效电路模型为R1(CPE1(R2(CPE2(R3)))),计算得到等效电路模型中各具体元件参数,证明该有效电路能有效模拟生物传感器检测异丙威的传感机理。该研究结果可为农药残留检测用生物传感器分析机理研究提供有益参考。     

评估土壤微量元素生物有效性测定方法

Trace element-contaminated soils (TECSs) are one of the consequences of the past industrial development worldwide.Excessive exposure to trace elements (TEs) represents a permanent threat to ecosystems and humans worldwide owing to the capacity of metal(loid)s to cross the cell membranes of living organisms and of human epithelia,and their interference with cell metabolism.Quantification of TE bioavailability in soils is complicated due to the polyphasic and reactive nature of soil constituents.To unravel critical factors controlling soil TE bioavailability and to quantify the ecological toxicity of TECSs,TEs are pivotal for evaluating excessive exposure or deficiencies and controlling the ecological risks.While current knowledge on TE bioavailability and related cumulative consequences is growing,the lack of an integrated use of this concept still hinders its utilization for a more holistic view of ecosystem vulnerability and risks for human health.Bioavailability is not generally included in models for decision making in the appraisal of TECS remediation options.In this review we describe the methods for determining the TE bioavailability and technological developments,gaps in current knowledge,and research needed to better understand how TE bioavailability can be controlled by sustainable TECS management altering key chemical properties,which would allow policy decisions for environmental protection and risk management.     

新型复合功能菌群的构建及其在近海养殖水体BOD微生物传感器中的应用

生化需氧量(BOD)是监测水体中可生物降解的有机物含量的一个重要参数,是目前最常用的水体有机污染综合评价指标之一。随着环境污染问题日益严重,建立和发展快速测定生化需氧量的体系尤其重要。适用于淡水的BOD测定仪已经成型,海水盐度高,BOD浓度低,测定仪样品传输及测量的精度和微生物传感器菌种的耐盐性给构建海水BOD自动测定体系带来困难。从三亚近海养殖水体污染严重的三亚海宝近海养殖专业合作社养殖场水样中分离得到3株能高效降解蛋白质、淀粉和油脂的菌株Bacillus HXY-10、As-pergillus sp.HXY-3和Methylobacterium sp.HXY-7,通过共培养构建能高效去除养殖水体中氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的固定化复合功能菌群,采用夹膜法制作BOD生物传感器微生物膜。传感器响应电流与水样的BOD含量在2～60 mg/L之间呈线性关系,相关系数为0.992 3。对含有已知BOD含量的水样8次测量,RSD为3.34%,表明BOD传感器检测体系重现性良好,为该复合功能菌群进一步应用于近海养殖水体BOD传感器奠定基础。     

光学表面等离子共振测定盐酸克伦特罗的试验研究

为了实现高灵敏度定量检测盐酸克伦特罗,提出了一种新颖的、无标记、快速的内嵌TSPR1K23生物传感器的光学表面等离子共振(Surface plasmon resonance,SPR)盐酸克伦特罗测定方法,并通过试验验证了光学表面等离子共振生物测定装置的性能.光学表面等离子共振盐酸克伦特罗测定装置由集成光学SPR生物传感器、微流通池、便捷更换芯片的夹具、触电屏,USB接口板及光电转换电路板组成.在光学SPR芯片金膜表面固定盐酸克伦特罗抗原,在标准样品中(盐酸克伦特罗抗体质量浓度33.75 mg·L-1)分别添加0,10,20,40 mg·L-1的盐酸克伦特罗抗原,采用竞争免疫反应方法建立的盐酸克伦特罗测定标准曲线,相关系数0.997,相对标准偏差6.5%.