入侵我国几种外来杂草的化感作用及利用展望

释放化感物质抑制和排挤本地物种是外来植物成功入侵的重要机制,越来越多的研究证明了这一点.本文介绍了几种重要的入侵植物的化感现象、化感物质,讨论了入侵植物化感物质的应用,指出入侵植物化感作用研究的意义和今后的研究方向.     

我国棉田杂草研究现状与发展趋势

概述了目前我国在棉田杂草发生种类、分布规律、种群动态、危害情况以及防除技术等方面的研究进展和现状,对我国棉田杂草研究中存在的突出问题进行了总结归纳,并对我国棉田杂草研究的发展趋势进行了展望,提出了加强杂草基础理论研究,加快棉田除草剂创制,增强杂草抗药性监测和治理,推动生物除草剂和转基因抗除草剂棉花研究的建议。     

Impacts of applied Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on the dynamics of a Cirsium arvense population

A field experiment was conducted from October 1992 to March 1997 in a sheep‐grazed pasture in Canterbury, New Zealand, to determine the effects of the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on the long‐term dynamics of a population of Cirsium arvense. The pathogen was applied in mid‐spring either once or in three consecutive years when the C. arvense shoots were vegetative rosettes, using a granular, mycelium‐on‐wheat preparation that lodged on the C. arvense leaves, stems and in the leaf axils. The single application caused disease in the C. arvense that was confined to the application year. The disease resulted in a temporary (17 months) reduction in population size through initial mortalities among treated shoots and resultant reductions in root growth, adventitious root bud, subterranean shoot and, subsequently, aerial shoot population sizes. The soil seedbank was 80% lower in the treated plots than in the control plots in the first year. Seedlings were never found. The annually repeated application of S. sclerotiorum did not result in the expected continuing decline in the C. arvense population relative to the control population.