植物TIR1/AFBs基因家族研究进展

TIR1/AFBs基因家族是一种存在于细胞核中的生长素受体,属于F-box蛋白基因中的一个小亚族。它们通过与相关生长素相结合活化转录因子来促进基因的表达,从而进行调控,是生长素信号转导过程中的关键部分。为了深入研究生长素信号转导机制,从TIR1/AFBs基因家族的发现与结构,家族成员表达模式的差异及对植物生长发育方面的调节等方面概括介绍了TIR1/AFBs基因家族的分子调控机制,总结了TIR1/AFBs基因的功能。最后探讨了TIR1/AFBs基因的研究方向。     

生长素在烤烟库源关系改变时对烟株根系钾的影响

采用土培试验方法，研究内外源生长素在不同生长阶段缺钾或供钾条件下对烟株根系钾的影响。结果表明：缺钾胁迫下，外源生长素在不同地烟株根系积累钾有很大的促进作用，内源生长素在腰叶成熟前对烟株根系积累钾的能力有一定的稳定作用。供钾条件下，内外源生长素在不同生长阶段对烟株根系积累钾均有很大的促进作用，其促进作用比缺钾胁迫时大。且无论缺钾与否，外源生长素对烟株根系积累钾的促进作用大于内源生长素的作用。     

水稻蜡质稀少突变体wax1的鉴定及基因定位

【目的】 蜡质是植物表面的一种重要保护物质,筛选和鉴定水稻蜡质相关突变体有助于解析水稻蜡质形成的遗传机制。【方法】利用EMS诱变籼稻品种湘早籼6号,从突变体库中筛选出一个蜡质稀少的突变体wax1,考查突变体的形态特征和农艺性状,利用突变体与02428杂交的F₂群体定位目标基因,并通过荧光定量PCR分析相关基因的表达情况。【结果】与野生型相比,wax1突变体具有叶片短小皱褶、叶表面蜡质晶体减少、穗长变短等形态特征;在农艺性状方面,突变体的株高、每穗总粒数和千粒重显著降低,但有效穗数显著高于野生型;遗传分析表明,wax1的突变表型受一对隐性核基因控制,将WAX1基因定位在第10染色体上SSR标记RM5806与InDel标记P1之间,物理距离约为49.8 kb;定位区间内的测序结果表明,突变体中β-酮脂酰-CoA合酶的编码基因发生单碱基突变,导致催化活性中心的一个氨基酸发生改变。WAX1基因的突变显著提高了同源异型盒基因OSH6的表达,同时引起部分IAA基因的差异表达。【结论】WAX1基因突变引起叶表面蜡质晶体的减少,同时通过影响茎尖分生组织和生长素的信号转导引起植株生长发育等多方面的异常。     

Shortening the generation cycle in faba bean (Vicia faba) by application of cytokinin and cold stress to assist speed breeding

The aim of this study was to reduce the length of the breeding cycle for faba bean by accelerating seed setting. We examined the mode and time of exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (cytokinin) application, and cold treatments and their combinations in two faba bean genotypes. Acropetal node number of pod and seed set and pollen viability were recorded during the experiments. Application of BAP improved pollen germination. The application of 10^–5 M BAP 4 days after flowering increased seed set at the lower nodes. Cold treatment (8/4°C day/night for 2 days) after the onset of flowering induced the formation of more pods and faster pod set compared to the non-cold treatment. The time to first seed was significantly reduced, and pollen viability was increased in plants exposed to cold treatment. Increased pollen viability also showed a significant positive correlation with seed setting. The combinations of 10^–5 BAP and cold treatment together had similar and independent effects. These results will accelerate plant breeding in faba bean by providing additional tools for reducing generation time.     

对生和互生玉米内源激素含量的差异分析

利用ELISA方法测定近等基因系玉米(Zeamays)对生、互生玉米的不同组织和不同生育期内源细胞分裂素ZRs(zeatin riboside group)、DHZRs(dehydro zeatin riboside group)、iPAs(isopentenyladenosine group)以及内源生长素IAA(indole acetic acid)含量差异。结果表明,不同叶序玉米在不同生育期幼胚、成熟花粉和成熟叶片的内源ZRs、DHZRs、iPAs和IAA均无显著差异;不同生育期对生叶序玉米幼苗顶端分生组织和成熟苗顶端雄幼穗ZRs、DHZRs和iPAs含量显著高于同期近等基因系的互生玉米,IAA含量在两者之间无显著差异;对生叶序玉米幼苗顶端分生组织、成熟苗顶端雄幼穗CTK/IAA(CTK表示ZRs、DHZRs和iPAs含量相加)比值显著高于同期近等基因系互生叶序玉米,但在不同生育期幼胚、叶片及花粉内均无显著差异。对生叶序的形成与生长点组织细胞分裂素含量增加密切相关。     

大豆GmPIN2b调控根系响应低磷胁迫的功能研究

目的 研究生长素转运蛋白PIN基因家族在大豆Glycine max 根系适应低磷胁迫中的功能。方法 对大豆23个GmPIN家族成员进行进化树分析和表达模式分析,并进一步对GmPIN2b进行功能分析。结果 大豆23个GmPIN家族成员分散在7个不同的亚族,其中,GmPIN2a、GmPIN2b和GmPIN9a、GmPIN9d与拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana的AtPIN2位于同一亚族。不同GmPIN家族成员在大豆中的组织表达定位及其受低磷调控的表达模式不同,其中,GmPIN2b在大豆根系中的表达水平在低磷胁迫6 d后显著上调,回补表达GmPIN2b能够部分恢复Atpin2突变体的表型。无论在低磷还是高磷条件下,回补表达GmPIN2b的转基因植株鲜质量和主根长均显著高于Atpin2突变体;而且回补表达GmPIN2b显著提高了Atpin2突变体在低磷条件下的一级侧根数,以及高磷条件下根系对重力的敏感性。结论 GmPIN2b在大豆根系形态建成响应低磷胁迫的过程中起重要的调控作用。     

外源生长素对烟草髓愈伤组织分化和内源IAA含量的影响

在普通烟草髓愈伤组织的培养过程中,高的外源ＮＡＡ促进内源ＩＡＡ的合成,且有利于根的形成,但与内源生长素的含量不成正比关系．培养基中的ＢＡ和ＮＡＡ含量高皆引起玻璃化,玻璃化与两者的比值无关     

植物生长调节剂在花期调控中的应用

利用人为的因素可控制花卉在自然花期之外开放,统称为花期调控。笔者主要综述了植物成花机理以及赤霉素等植物生长调节剂在花期调控中的机理和应用,以期对花期调控的应用起到借鉴作用。     

Micropropagation of Prunus scoparia,a Suitable Rootstock for Almond under Drought Conditions

Prunus scoparia is a wild deciduous shrub, usually living on dry calcareous soils of the rocky mountains and has been used as a grafting rootstock for domesticated almonds to provide drought resistance. In the current study, micropropagation ability of P. scoparia was investigated using cytokinin and auxin. Uniform nodal shoot pieces (3–5 cm in length) of seedlings were used as explants. The explants were disinfected with 10% sodium hypochlorite solution. For adventitious shoot induction and proliferation, Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing 7.00 g/l agar and 30.00 g/l sucrose containing five concentrations of benzyl adenine (BA) (0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, and 4.00 mg/1) and also containing six concentrations of Thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 5.00, and 7.00 mg/1) were compared. For rooting, in vitro shoots (2–3 cm) were transferred into ½ MS medium supplemented with 30 g/l sucrose, 7.50 g/l agar, and different concentrations of IBA (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mg/l) and NAA (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mg/l). Based on the results obtained for shoot proliferation, only 2.00 and 4.00 mg/l BA and 2.00 mg/l TDZ concentrations generated shoots, while other treatments did not show shoot proliferation. Among the three treatments that generated shoots, the best results for shoot number, leaf number, and leaf color quality were observed in media containing 2.00 mg/l TDZ. Based on the results obtained for rooting, the effect of IBA concentrations on the rooting percentage, root number, and root length was significant. Among IBA concentrations, only 0.50 mg/l IBA induced rooting, while there was no rooting in the media containing other IBA concentrations. None of the NAA concentrations showed rooting. In conclusion, MS culture medium supplemented with 2.00 mg/l TDZ and ½ MS culture medium supplemented with 0.50 mg/l IBA are suggested for in vitro shoot proliferation and rooting of P. scoparia, respectively. The results presented herein could be used for in vitro selection and micropropagation of P. scoparia.