Movement of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians in the stems of lettuce and seed contamination

Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians , the causal agent of bacterial leaf spot of lettuce (BLS), can be seedborne, but the mechanism by which the bacteria contaminates and/or infects lettuce seed is not known. In this study, the capacity of X. campestris pv. vitians to enter and translocate within the vascular system of lettuce plants was examined. The stems of 8- to 11-week-old lettuce plants were stab-inoculated, and movement of X. campestris pv. vitians was monitored at various intervals. At 4, 8, 12 and 16 h post-inoculation (hpi), X. campestris pv. vitians was recovered from 2 to 10 cm above (depending on stem length) and 2 cm below the inoculation site. Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians was also recovered from surface-disinfested stem sections of spray-inoculated plants. Together, these results are consistent with X. campestris pv. vitians invading and moving systemically within the vascular system of lettuce plants. To investigate the mechanism of seed contamination, lettuce plants at the vegetative stage of growth were spray-inoculated with X. campestris pv. vitians and allowed to develop BLS. Seed collected from these plants had a 2% incidence of X. campestris pv. vitians external colonization, but no bacteria were recovered from within the seed.     

Variation and distribution of virulence phenotypes of Bremia lactucae in natural populations of Lactuca serriola

During 1997–2000 the virulence variation and distribution of virulence phenotypes of Bremia lactucae (lettuce downy mildew) in natural populations of Lactuca serriola (prickly lettuce) were studied. Altogether 139 isolates of B. lactucae originating from the Czech Republic, France and Germany were examined for the presence of 27 virulence factors (v-factors) and their combinations. In the Czech population, 37 different v-phenotypes (P1–P37) of B. lactucae were found to occur on L. serriola . Most v-phenotypes were characterized by v-factors that match resistance ( Dm genes/R-factors) carried by L. serriola . A wide diversity of v-phenotypes was recorded every year, but most were rare and did not reappear in other populations of B. lactucae . The three v-phenotypes P21, P28 and P29 were most frequent and widely distributed. There was variation both between spatially isolated populations and within populations of the pathogen. Geographic differences in virulence were found for the southern parts of Moravia, where the phenotypic composition of pathogen populations was completely different from the remaining part of the area investigated. However, some populations had v-phenotypes similar to those of spatially distant populations in Moravia.     

长豇豆新品种‘丰产6号’

 长豇豆早中熟新品种‘丰产6号’是由‘增城花仁白豆’的变异株系统选育而成。荚色绿白,荚条直,肉厚,荚长60 cm,荚宽1.0 cm,单荚质量28 g。荚形整齐,荚面平整,纤维少,品质优,产量高,对光周期反应不敏感,田间枯萎病、锈病发病率低,适宜广东省春夏秋季种植。     

不同水源磁化处理对生菜光合和矿质元素及产量的影响

[目的]探究不同水源磁化处理对生菜光合特性等生理生化和产量的影响.[方法]在日光温室条件下,以意大利生菜为供试对象,采用随机区组设计,设置2个因素:磁化(M)和灌溉水源(T),磁化设置未磁化处理(M0)和磁化处理(M1)2个水平,灌溉水源设置淡水(T1)、再生水(T2)、微咸水(T3)3个水平,共6个处理.通过盆栽试验...     

莴笋高产栽培技术要点

莴笋属菊科一二年生蔬菜,天津市静海县栽培基地面积25hm2,农户零星种植面积约30hm2,产量2500～4500kg/667m2,最高产6000kg/667m2,产品畅销全国各地深受消费者喜爱,667m2利润达万元以上。     

芦笋中毒死蜱和氯氰菊酯残留的同时测定

采用乙腈提取,Florisil固相萃取,正己烷-丙酮洗脱,HP-5石英柱程序升温技术分离,电子捕获检测器检测,建立了同时测定芦笋中毒死蜱和氯氰菊酯残留量的固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱法。结果表明,该方法对2种农药残留量的线性范围分别为0.002 5-0.500 0 mg/L和0.005-0.250 mg/L,相关系数为0.999 8-0.999 9,检出限分别为0.002 5 mg/kg和0.005 mg/kg,加标平均回收率为74.0%-98.3%,相对标准偏差为0.6%-10.8%。     

生菜品种筛选试验

为了筛选出适合北京地区秋茬种植的生菜品种,对日光温室内定植的18个品种进行评比。通过在采收期比较各个品种的口感、外形及产量等指标,筛选出适宜当地种植的品种。结果表明:结球生菜中,产量和口感较优的品种有北生3号和北生4号;散叶生菜中,产量和口感较优的品种有北散生4号、特波斯和北散生2号等;适宜观赏的生菜品种有富兰德里、大橡生2号、奶油红、脆叶绿和蒙黛。     

不同用量纳米材料对生菜种子发芽的影响

以意大利生菜和红脆香生菜种子为试验材料,研究不同用量石墨相氮化碳纳米材料(0、50、100、150、200 mg/L)对2种生菜种子萌发的影响。结果表明:纳米材料用量在50～150 mg/L时对2种生菜发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数均有促进作用,用量在100 mg/L时,意大利生菜的发芽率、发芽指数最高;用量在150 mg/L时,红脆香生菜发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数最高。纳米材料用量达到200 mg/L时,对生菜种子萌发的促进效果减小,甚至出现抑制萌发的现象。较高用量(150、200 mg/L)的纳米材料可以促进生菜胚根的伸长,用量在150 mg/L时,意大利生菜胚根最长,比对照(CK)增加了24.80%;用量在200 mg/L时,红脆香生菜胚根最长,比对照增加了37.20%。施加纳米材料对生菜胚芽长度的影响不显著。总之,纳米材料用量在50～150 mg/L时,可以促进生菜种子的萌发;较高用量(150、200 mg/L)的纳米材料可以促进生菜种子胚根的伸长;施加纳米材料对胚芽长的影响不显著。     

Critical comparison of the vanadomolybdate and the molybdenum blue methods for the analysis of phosphate in plant sap

Abstract

The performance of the vanodomolybdate and molybdenum blue methods for the routine determination of phosphate in plant sap were compared in order to assess their suitability for the detection of P deficiency at an early stage of plant growth. The molybdenum blue method was ca 10 times more sensitive than the vanadomolybdate one and required less sap to give a successful test. Recoveries of phosphate added to both sap and solution samples were close to 100% with both methods. The methods were in good agreement over a wide range of phosphate concentrations using sap samples from all leaves during the early stages of P deficiency, but increases in sap background colour caused the vanadomolybdate method to overestimate phosphate concentrations as the deficiency became more acute. Measurements on solutions of similar absorbance showed that the vanadomolybdate method was not significantly more variable than the molybdenum blue method but tended to overestimate phosphate concentration when very small volumes of sap were available. It was concluded that the molybdenum blue method was the most reliable for routine measurements of phosphate in plant sap.     

青霉素对老化茎用莴苣种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

本实验研究了100mg/L～500mg/L青霉素溶液对常规和老化茎用莴苣种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响。方差分析结果表明：不同浓度的青霉素溶液对茎用莴苣种子的发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗鲜干重的影响达到极显著水平，对茎用莴苣种子发芽和幼苗生长有促进作用。同时也表明不同浓度青霉素对茎用莴苣老化种子活力恢复和提高有改进作用。经过400mg/L青霉素处理的老化种子活力指数是未经处理的老化种子的10．44倍，种子老化严重抑制了种子活力，而较低浓度的青霉素处理可以修复老化对种子的损伤。青霉素与低温冷处理（5℃）的协同作用对茎用莴苣种子的发芽和幼苗生长的促进作用是极显著的。