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为了探明不同地区的花生网斑病菌致病力和筛选快速稳定的接种方法,以来自山东、云南和辽宁的6个不同地区的花生网斑病菌为材料,用孢子悬浮液对离体叶片和花生植株进行接种,结果表明致病力最强的菌株是WB-SY(分离自辽宁省沈阳市)。最佳接种条件为:开花末期使用高浓度孢子悬浮液(106/mL),接种湿度保持在90%~100%之间持续保湿36h以上,温度在25~28℃之间,接种前黑暗处理24h,接种后近紫光(波长340~380nm)处理。本文筛选出的菌株和快速稳定的接种方法,将为抗病品种的筛选奠定基础。 相似文献
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为了探明花生网斑病菌(Phoma arachidicola Marasas,Pauer&Boerema)侵染致病的条件,研究了环境因素包括温度、湿度、光照(黑暗、近紫光、全光照)对花生网斑病菌分生孢子萌发的影响.结果表明,在黑暗条件下,培养5.5h时分生孢子开始萌发,24 h时萌发率为100%.分生孢子萌发率与温度之间的拟合模型符合二项式y=-0.570x2+28.97x-277.1(R2=0.808).据此模型,得出分生孢子萌发的最低温为12.8℃,最适温为25.4℃,最高温为38.0℃.培养24 h时,水膜中分生孢子萌发率(35.4%)极显著大于空气相对湿度为l00%(8.8%)和98%(0%)的萌发率.培养24 h时,黑暗(100%)和近紫光(97%)条件下的分生孢子萌发率极显著大于全光照下的萌发率(91%).结论:分生孢子萌发的最有利条件是黑暗、温度为25.4℃,且有水膜存在. 相似文献
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为了筛选防治花生网斑病菌的有效药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法测定12种杀菌剂原药对花生网斑病菌的室内毒力活性,筛选出防效较好的杀菌剂;选取不同类型的杀菌剂进行复配,并对花生网斑病菌进行室内毒力测定试验。结果表明:95%咯菌腈、98.6%嘧菌酯、97%咪鲜胺、95%苯醚甲环唑、95%己唑醇、95%甲基硫菌灵、97%戊唑醇对花生网斑病菌具有较强的抑制作用。87%代森联与97%咪鲜胺按1:9复配时,具有增效作用,EC50值为0.673 μg/mL。室内杀菌剂毒力测定结果显示试验选取的单剂和复配药剂均对花生网斑病菌的菌丝生长具有抑制效果,该结果为花生网斑病的研究提供了理论依据,为下一步田间防效试验奠定基础。 相似文献
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花生褐斑病菌(Cercospora arachidicola Hori)在花生秆汁培养基上的产孢量优于前人推荐的3种培养基。培养过程中,不同光照处理对病菌产孢不敏感;不同温度处理产孢量有显著差异。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Management of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola Hori.), late leaf spot [Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & MA Curtis) Deighton] and stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the southeastern USA is heavily dependent upon sterol biosynthesis inhibitor (SBI) and quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides. Effective new fungicides with different modes of action could improve overall disease control and extend the utility of the current fungicides. Penthiopryad is a pyrazole carboxamide fungicide being evaluated for use on peanut. Field experiments were conducted from 2004 to 2007 to determine the effect of a range of rates (0–0.36 kg AI ha?1) of penthiopyrad on leaf spot and stem rot and the relative efficacy of penthiopyrad and current fungicide standards chlorothalonil, tebuconazole and azoxystrobin. RESULTS: Leaf spot control in plots treated with penthiopyrad at 0.20 kg AI ha?1 or higher was similar to or better than that for the chlorothalonil standard. The incidence of stem rot for all penthiopyrad treatments was usually less than that for the tebuconazole or azoxystrobin standard treatments. Pod yields for all penthiopyrad treatments were similar to or higher than those for the respective standards. CONCLUSION: Penthiopyrad has excellent potential for management of late leaf spot and stem rot of peanut, and may complement current SBI and QoI fungicides. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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花生茎点霉(Phoma arachidicola Marasas Pauer & Boerema)引起的花生网斑病在生产上普遍流行、危害严重,2018-2019年通过2年的田间接种试验对国内65份花生种质资源网斑病抗性进行测评。以采自山东莱西的病原菌菌株Wb2制备105/mL的孢子悬浮液喷洒于花生叶片表面进行接种,对照区喷施50%咯菌腈WP防治花生网斑病菌。结果表明,65份种质中,抗病(resistant,R)资源8份,占鉴定资源总数的12.3%;中度抗病(moderately resistant,MR)资源9份,占比13.8%;感病(susceptible,S)资源37份,占比56.9%;高度感病(high susceptible,HS)资源11份,占比16.9%。测定抗病性不同资源产量损失差异,结果表明,花生网斑病菌对花生产量影响显著,产量损失率随抗病性的降低而升高。本研究为花生抗网斑病育种提供抗源材料,并为病害产量损失评估提供理论依据。 相似文献
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