天津春稻和麦茬稻品质特性比较

以天津市培育的优质小站稻品种津川1号和隆优619为供试材料,分析了春稻和麦茬稻品质特性的差异。结果表明,津川1号作麦茬稻的整精米率明显低于作春稻,而垩白粒率显著高于春稻;津川1号麦茬稻的蛋白质含量明显偏高,食味值显著低于春稻;隆优619作春稻和麦茬稻无论在外观、加工、食味还是营养品质方面均无显著差异,是较理想的麦茬连作品种。     

感染松材线虫病的思茅松林择伐木外观判定初探

通过观察思茅松在12月至翌年1月感染松材线虫病的外部特征,得出思茅松感病后的主要外部特征和区别于其他松树的感病特点,并提出择伐感病思茅松时在外观特征上的判定标准和处理建议。     

籼型两系杂交水稻稻米品质性状的配合力及遗传力分析

用我国新近育成的10个光温敏核不育系和5个优良恢复系按NCⅡ设计,对籼型两系杂交稻外观品质和加工品质9项指标的配合力及遗传力进行了分析。结果表明:①除出糙率的非加性效应不显著外,其它米质性状的加性和非加性效应均有显著作用,其中粒长、粒宽、粒厚、长宽比、出糙率、精米率、整精米率以加性效应为主,垩白率和垩白度以非加性效应为主。②F1大多数外观品质和加工品质受恢复系的影响比不育系大,仅垩白率受不育系的影响更大。③不育系以208S、GD-7S、GD-8S和Y3较好,恢复系以953077选籼最好,其后是扬稻6号和宁108。④9项主要性状遗传力大小依次为:长宽比、粒长、粒宽、粒厚、出糙率、整精米率、精米率、垩白度、垩白率。     

套袋对苹果果皮特征的影响

以10年生寒富苹果为试材,进行了不同的套袋(反光膜袋、双层纸袋、塑膜袋)处理,以不套袋果为对照,研究了不同微域环境下寒富苹果果皮的外观特征和解剖结构的特点。结果表明,套反光膜袋能明显提高果实的光洁度,改善果实的着色,果点不明显;套双层纸袋的次之;套塑膜袋和不套袋果实光洁度差,着色过浓,果点多且大,果面粗糙,不利于生产优质果;套不同类型的果袋,果皮解剖结构差异明显,套反光膜袋,角质层变薄,角质层光滑均匀度好,个别处有“V”型凹陷,表皮细胞变大,形状近圆形;套双层纸袋和塑膜袋,角质层均变厚,有较深的“V”型凹陷,表皮细胞形状不规则;不套袋果,角质层较均匀光滑,表皮细胞狭长且小。另外,套袋后,果实的表皮细胞变大且细胞壁变厚,改变了表皮细胞的排列方式,减少了表皮细胞层数,降低了机械组织的厚度及层数。     

粳稻外观品质的选择效果

为改良江苏粳稻的外观品质,以日本优质粳稻与江苏高产粳稻杂交后代为材料,研究了垩白粒率、垩白度和透明度等外观品质的选择效果.结果表明,在F4～F6代对垩白粒率、垩白度和透明度等外观品质进行选择的效果较好,上下世代间外观品质的表现有明显的相关关系,在F4和F5代外观品质达国际一级的单株,其下一代有70%以上单株的外观品质仍可达到一级标准.不同组合优质单株的出现机率存在明显差异.     

5个园林树种滞尘能力与叶表形态及颗粒物粒径的关系

目的 研究园林树种叶片滞尘能力与叶表结构及颗粒物特征的关系,为筛选优良园林绿化树种、提高植被的滞尘效应提供科学依据。 方法 以杭州市富阳区5个常见园林绿化树种（红花檵木、海桐、红叶石楠、桂花和香樟）为研究对象,分别在工业区、交通区和清洁区进行采样,采用质量差值法测定植物对不同粒径颗粒物的滞留能力,利用扫描电镜及能谱仪观测植物叶表面结构、颗粒物形貌特征及所含元素,分析叶片表面结构、颗粒物形态、粒径大小与植株滞尘能力的相互关系。 结果 在工业区中绿化树种对总颗粒物的滞留量大小为：红花檵木（7.36 g·m−2） > 桂花（6.53 g·m−2） > 海桐（6.44 g·m−2） > 红叶石楠（4.28 g·m−2） > 香樟（2.59 g·m−2）,交通区和清洁区也呈现同样的规律。不同功能区绿化树种对PM10的总滞留量达11.34 g·m−2,不同树种的滞留能力依次为红花檵木、海桐、红叶石楠、桂花和香樟。不同功能区内绿化树种对颗粒物的滞留量呈现工业区 > 交通区 > 清洁区的趋势;植物叶片滞留的颗粒物形态可分为规则和不规则两类,常见球形、椭圆形、蓬松状聚合体、链状聚合体、不规则块状、不规则片状等。 结论 各功能区内,均以红花檵木的滞尘量最大,香樟的滞尘量最小;叶片滞留颗粒物中粗颗粒物占比大于细颗粒物;叶片滞留的颗粒物多为烟尘集合体和矿物颗粒。     

Analysis on Limitation of Present Urban Planning in China

In urban design, only by continuous and dynamic research work from design to finally putting it into practice, can we made good control on city appearance. This article analyzes nowadays defects in our urban design from two aspects as the result establishment and validated control, and tries to conceive a feasibility plan to solve the problem.     

Genetic studies for breeding of rice cultivars with superior grain appearance and lodging resistance from the rice cultivar ‘Emi-no-kizuna’

ABSTRACT

We conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of grain appearance (GA) and agronomic traits of rice, using 128 recombinant inbred lines derived from ‘Emi-no-kizuna’ and ‘Tomohonami’. We detected two promising QTLs associated with GA: qGA4 on chromosome 4 and qGA8 on chromosome 8. qGA4 contributed highly to the greater percentage of perfect grains of the Emi-no-kizuna genotype. In the same region, we detected other QTLs associated with panicle number and spikelet number per panicle. In near-isogenic lines (NILs) in which Emi-no-kizuna alleles were introgressed in the genomic region of only the semi-dwarf 1 (sd1) locus (NIL_1) and both the sd1 locus and qGA8 (NIL_2), respectively, the percentage of perfect grains was significantly higher and the percentages of milky white, basal white, and white back grains were significantly lower than in Tomohonami; and the percentages of milky white and white back grains of NIL_2 were significantly lower than those of NIL_1. These results suggest that introgression in the sd1 region could improve GA, and that the addition of qGA8 could further improve GA. The culm lengths of the NILs were significantly shorter than that of Tomohonami, indicating improved lodging resistance. Grain weight of NIL_2 was significantly smaller than that of NIL_1, suggesting that the effect of qGA8 could be pleiotropic, or the gene that underlies qGA8 could be linked with genes associated with grain weight.

Abbreviations: ANOVA: analysis of variance; AT20: mean air temperature in the 20 days after heading; BW: basal white grain; CL: culm length; DAH: days after heading; GA: grain appearance; GW: 1000-grain weight; LOD: logarithm of odds; MW: milky white grain; NIL: near-isogenic line; PG: perfect grain; PL: panicle length; PN: panicle number; PTSN: putative total spikelet number; PVE: percentage of phenotypic variation explained; QTL: quantitative trait locus; RIL: recombinant inbred line; SN: spikelet number per panicle; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism; WB: white back grain     

强度水土流失区不同治理措施对土壤物理性质的影响

在福建省长汀河田强度侵蚀山地,探讨了3种不同治理措施对土壤物理性质的影响,结果表明：不同治理措施区的土壤孔隙状况、团聚度、抗蚀性、入渗速率均得到一定程度的提高,土壤分散率降低,土壤排水能力和通气度也有所提高。不同措施对土壤物理性质改良的总体趋势是：草灌乔措施〉补植乔灌〉老头松改造〉对照,采用草灌乔混交措施对土壤物理性质的改良效果最好。     

不同人为干扰尺度对米槠群落外貌特征影响研究

从群落外貌探讨不同人为干扰尺度对福建武平米槠林的影响。结果表明:随着人为干扰尺度(CK对照、A级择伐更新、B级天然更新、C级人工促进天然更新和D级杉木林)的加大藤本植物、地面芽植物、地上芽植物、中型叶、草质叶、复叶和落叶的种类逐渐上升或呈“S”型上升,而高芽位植物、小型叶、革质叶、全缘叶、单叶和常绿的种类逐渐下降或呈“S”下降;CK、A级、B级和C级的外貌是由革质、单叶、小型叶为主的常绿高位芽植物所决定的,而D级由草质、单叶、中型叶为主的常绿高位芽植物所决定的。