Research Progress on Function of Pig Bactericidal/Permeability-increasing Protein (BPI) and Its Application in Resistance Breeding

Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) has a strong effect on sterilization (mainly for G^- bacteria),neutralizing the activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and enhancing the phagocytosis of mononuclear cells and neutrophils to pathogenic bacteria.The biological functions of BPI have been researched widely in recent years,which is known as "super antibiotic" and has been explored by many scholars as a candidate gene for resistance.This author summarized the research progress and application prospect of the BPI gene in the pig resistant breeding by introducing the structure,biological function of BPI gene and its relationship with the resistance,which was aimed to provide theoretical references and basis for the function research of pig BPI gene and its practical application in resistance breeding in future.     

Effect of dietary Curcuma longa on enzymatic and immunological profiles of rohu,Labeo rohita (Ham.), infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary dosages of turmeric that enhance immune response and disease resistance against the opportunistic pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Hence, four different dosages of turmeric at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 g kg^?1 feed were given to the fingerlings of L. rohita for 60 days at 4% body weight. At every 20‐day interval, different biochemical, haematological, enzymatic and immunological parameters of fish were evaluated. After 60 days, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila. The mortality (%) was recorded on the tenth day post challenge. Most of the immune parameters including lysozyme activity, superoxide anion production and serum bactericidal activity were significantly (P<0.05) higher on 60 days of feeding of 1.0 g of turmeric per kg of feed. Challenge study indicated 100% and 89% survivability in the group of fish fed with 5.0 and 1.0 g of turmeric per kg of feed respectively. Feeding of turmeric might have maintained long‐term protection in fish by elevating the nonspecific immune system such as Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), lysozyme and serum bactericidal activity. The result showed that turmeric at a dose of 1.0 g kg^?1 feed for 60 days provided the greatest protection to pathogen challenge.     

猪场常用消毒剂对沙门氏菌等细菌的作用效果试验

为了解目前猪场常用消毒剂对猪场常见肠道致病菌的杀菌作用,开展了5种猪场常用消毒剂(特碘、复合醛、消特灵、氢氧化纳和高锰酸钾)杀灭5种猪场常见肠道致病菌(沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、弗氏枸橼酸杆菌和绿脓杆菌)最低浓度(M BC)的试验,依次为1∶600~1∶800,1∶1000~1∶2500,1∶30000~1∶40000,0.01%~0.03%,0.0008%~0.004%。观察温度对各种消毒剂作用沙门氏菌M BC的影响,结果表明,温度越高,特碘的M BC也越高,复合醛则越低,而其他3种影响不大;固定各种消毒剂浓度所能杀灭的最高沙门氏菌浓度,均能达到106个.m l-1以上,两种消毒剂配合使用效果不一。同时还检测了终止和不终止消毒剂作用对杀菌效果的影响不大,并对猪场用药提出几点建议。     

The effects of vitamin E on non-specific immune response of the juvenile soft-shelled turtle <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pelodiscus sinensis</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E supplements on non-specific immune responses in juvenile soft-shelled turtles. Turtles were fed diets supplemented with vitamin E at 0 (control), 50, 250, 500, 1000 and 5000 mg/kg, respectively, for 4 weeks. Results showed that blood cell phagocytosis and serum bactericidal activity were significantly improved in turtles from two diets (250 and 500 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation), while had no significant improvement in turtles from the three remaining diets (50, 1000 and 5000 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation) when compared to turtles from the control group. Serum bacteriolytic activity in turtles from diets with 50, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation were higher than activity levels quantified for the control group, but no significant difference was observed between the 5000 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation diet and the control diet. The results suggest that vitamin E has an upper and lower threshold for improving non-specific immune function in soft-shelled turtles, and the optimal supplementation may be between 250 and 500 mg/kg.     

羊耳菊提取物的抑菌动力学研究

[目的]研究羊耳菊不同浓度提取物对细菌存活率随时间变化的关系,以及不同pH值条件下提取物的抑菌效果。[方法]以金黄色葡萄球菌、甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌为供试菌种,绘制时间杀菌曲线和浓度杀菌曲线。在提取物浓度为最低抑菌浓度（MIC）时培养24h,测定不同pH值条件下的抑菌率。[结果]羊耳菊提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌的MIC、最低杀菌浓度（MBC）分别为62.5、125.0mg/ml和125.0、250.0mg/ml。绘制了羊耳菊提取物16MIC、4MIC、2MIC、MIC、1/2MIC和对照条件下的杀菌曲线。羊耳菊水提物抑菌作用最适pH值为6～8。[结论]羊耳菊提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌作用在较高浓度时并没有进一步提高杀菌速度,表现为时间依赖性,但对甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌表现为浓度性依赖性。     

新疆千叶蓍抑菌作用研究

[目的]研究不同方法提取的千叶蓍提取物的抑菌活性,并且测定千叶蓍提取物的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度,为千叶蓍的开发利用提供依据.[方法]分别用热提取法和冷浸法提取千叶蓍的有效成分,以大肠杆菌、青霉和部分病原菌等作为供试菌种,采用Bauer-Kirby法（滤纸片法和微量2倍连续梯度稀释法试验）对几种常见菌株进行体外抑菌试验.[结果]千叶蓍的浓度85％乙醇、浓度95％乙醇、石油醚和乙酸乙酯提取物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、变形杆菌和灰霉等都有抑菌效果.浓度85％乙醇提取物对大肠杆菌的MIC为0.031 25 g/ml,MBC为0.062 50 g/ml;对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为0.062 50 g/ml,MBC为0.125 00 g/ml;对变形杆菌的MIC为0.062 50 g/ml,MBC为0.125 00 g/ml.[结论]不同方法提取的千叶蓍提取物均有一定的抑菌作用.     

中国生猪产业与饲料行业发展建议

目的研究博落回提取物(Macleaya cordata extract,MCE)的体外抗菌活性,为其在动物生产中的使用和添加提供试验依据。方法以金黄色葡萄球菌、猪霍乱沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌为受试菌,采用抑菌圈法测定MCE对4种受试菌的抑制效果;运用微量稀释法测定MCE对4种受试菌的最小抑制质量浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌质量浓度(MBC);通过时间—杀菌曲线法,测定MCE对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的杀菌效果。结果MCE对4种革兰氏阳性和阴性受试菌均有一定的抑制作用,抑制能力由强到弱依次为金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、猪霍乱沙门氏菌和铜绿假单胞菌,MIC分别为64、64、128和512 μg/mL,MBC分别为128、128、256和>1024 μg/mL;MCE对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的体外杀菌速率随质量浓度升高而增快,其中8、4、2倍于MIC的MCE分别在2、12、24 h可将2种受试菌完全清除,而1倍MIC的MCE在24 h后仍有少量细菌存活。结论MCE对受试菌均有一定的抑制效果,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的体外杀菌速率呈现质量浓度依赖性。     

Usage of electrolytic water system in the giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) larval hatchery system

The purpose of this study was to use an electrolytic oxidizing (EO) water system in a prawn hatchery. The results of the EO water generation efficiency showed that available chlorine in the EO water increased as the salinity and electric power increased, but was reduced as the water flow rate increased. A bactericidal activity assay showed that the growth of six aquatic pathogens was well inhibited by incubation with EO water containing 1 mg L^?1 of available chlorine. The removal of NH₃‐N and NO₂‐N by electrolysis at 15‰ and 5 W had significant effects, and the removal rate of NO₂‐N was much faster than that of NH₃‐N. Prawn zoea (Z) reared in EO water with different levels of available chlorine at 0 (control), 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mg L^?1 had mortalities of 0%, 12%, 27% and 42%, respectively, after 72 h. However, Z were able to well survive in activated carbon‐treated EO water for 1 week. For the on‐farm use of the EO water system in a prawn hatchery, larvae in the EO water group had faster development and higher survival than those in the activated carbon group. From these results, we believe that the EO water group had excellent water quality and lower bacterial counts resulting in increased larval development and survival.     

植物病害的定义刍议、利弊分析及综合控制

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t探究MTT比色法用于合成化合物对植物病原细菌抑菌活性筛选的可行性。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t将7个烟酰胺类化合物分别用MTT比色法和平板扩散法对番茄疮痂病菌(Xanthomonas vesicatoria)、烟草青枯病菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)和丁香假单胞杆菌(Pseudomonas syringae)的抑菌活性进行筛选并测定其有效中浓度EC₅₀。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\t采用平板扩散法进行抑菌活性初筛时,未能筛选出有活性的化合物;采用MTT比色法筛选出N-(3-三氟甲基)-苯基烟酰胺具有抑菌活性,其对番茄疮痂病菌(X. vesicatoria)、烟草青枯病菌(R. solanacearum)和丁香假单胞杆菌(P. syringae)的EC₅₀分别为3.87、2.05、10.33 mg/mL。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论\t\t\t\t\tMTT比色法能更加准确地评价脂溶性化合物对细菌的抑菌活性,并具有广泛的应用前景。\t\t\t\t     

Chemical composition of Lippia spp. essential oil and antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila

Phytotherapy can replace antibiotic administration as an alternative to control Aeromonas hydrophila, one of the main bacteria involved in the aetiology of farmed fish diseases. Given that plants of the Lippia spp. genus show biological potential for antimicrobial activity, this study evaluated the chemical composition of essential oils extracted from Lippia alba, Lippia origanoides and Lippia sidoides and their activity against A. hydrophila. The oils were obtained by steam distillation in a Clevenger‐type apparatus and their composition determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (CG/MS). Antibacterial activity was assessed by calculating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using broth microdilution method. The main compounds identified were geranial (25.4%) and neral (16.6%) in L. alba oil, carvacrol (40.4%) and p‐cymene (11.4%) in L. origanoides oil and thymol (76.6%) and ortho‐cymene (6.3%) in L. sidoides oil. The three Lippia species showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal action against A. hydrophila, with MICs and MBCs ranging from 1250 to 5000 μg mL^?1. Of the species tested, the best performance was obtained with essential oil of L. sidoides.