纳米TiO_2改性竹炭和竹炭抑菌性能比较研究

用纳米TiO2分别对颗粒状及粉末状竹炭进行改性得到纳米改性竹炭,并对纳米改性竹炭(颗粒、粉末)、4种炭化温度(500℃、600℃、700℃和800℃)的竹炭及纳米TiO2共7种材料,在无光照条件下对2种霉菌(黑曲霉菌、绿色木霉菌)进行抑菌试验。结果表明:纳米TiO2改性竹炭(颗粒、粉末)抑菌效果最好,其防治效力(E)分别为90%和100%。4种炭化温度竹炭的防治效力(E)分别为25%、25%、25%和0%,纳米TiO2材料没有抑菌能力,其防治效力(E)为0%。试验表明,纳米TiO2改性竹炭比普通竹炭的抑菌效果好,是一种抑菌能力强的新型竹炭材料。     

银杏提取物抑菌效果的研究

测定了不同浓度的银杏叶提取物对五种常见菌的抑菌活性,研究了不同的pH条件和热处理对抑菌活性的影响。结果表明：随着银杏叶提取物浓度的增加,其抗菌活性也显著增强;细菌的最低抑菌浓度为4％,霉菌的最低抑菌浓度为6％;银杏叶提取物的活性物质具有热稳定性,高温短时间加热不影响其抗菌活性;在pH为7的条件下,抗菌活性最强。     

香椿皂苷的提取及抑菌活性的研究

用工业酒精作为溶剂对香椿皂苷进行了提取,并用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、饱和正丁醇依次萃取,再用甲醇-乙醚混合液对香椿皂苷进行了纯化,用颜色反应对香椿皂苷进行了检识,采用抑菌圈法探讨了香椿皂苷的抑菌浓度及效果.结果表明:香椿老叶中含有三萜皂苷和甾体皂苷,香椿皂苷对大肠杆菌、变形杆菌、产气杆菌都具有一定的抑菌作用,而且抑菌活性在浓度为1.0mg/ml时最大,香椿皂苷溶液对苹果褐腐、黄瓜炭疽、黑曲霉、青霉则无抑菌作用.     

抗菌蛋白AP1编码基因对马铃薯的转化及其介导的青枯病抗性研究

根据已知马铃薯抗青枯菌蛋白AP1编码基因序列,合成了特异性引物,经PCR扩增、酶切以及连接、转化等分子操作,成功地获得了AP1编码基因植物表达载体pHap1,该载体具有-2E-P35S-12-ap1-结构。以电激法将pHap1导入根癌农杆菌LBA4404,用叶盘法转化马铃薯青枯病感病品种Mira、中-5-1及金冠试管苗,分别获得了卡那霉素(kan)抗性再生苗。经PCR、Southern、Northern检测,表明ap1基因已成功整合到转基因植株染色体上并正确表达。对Mira品种的转基因植株进行了青枯病抗病性鉴定,结果表明,转基因植株的抗病性比非转基因植株对照明显提高,发病或出现萎蔫症状的时间延迟、病情指数降低。     

纳米TiO2改性竹炭和竹炭抑菌性能比较的研究

用纳米TiO2分别对颗粒状及粉末状竹炭进行改性得到纳米TiO2改性竹炭,并对纳米TiO2改性竹炭(颗粒、粉末)、4种炭化温度(500、600、700和800℃)的竹炭及纳米TiO2共7种材料,在无光照条件下对2种霉菌(黑曲霉菌、绿色木霉菌)进行抑菌试验.结果表明:纳米TiO2改性竹炭(颗粒、粉末)抑菌效果最好,其防治效力(E)分别为90%和100%;4种炭化温度竹炭的E分别为25%、25%、25%和0,纳米TiO2材料没有抑菌能力,其E为0.试验表明,纳米TiO2改性竹炭比普通竹炭的抑菌效果好,它是一种抑菌能力强的新型竹炭材料.     

茶多酚的抑菌活性研究

采用平板计数法和滤纸片法研究了茶多酚对细菌、酵母和霉菌的抑菌活性及茶多酚质量浓度、pH值、温度和食盐质量浓度对抑菌活性的影响.结果表明:茶多酚对细菌有较强的抑菌活性,而对供试的酵母和霉菌抑制作用不明显;茶多酚对供试菌种的最低抑菌质量浓度不超过1.0 g·L-1,最佳抑菌质量浓度为4.0 g·L-1;在自然pH值和中性偏碱性环境中的抑菌活性比强碱性环境的抑菌活性强;一定温度内处理不影响茶多酚的抑菌活性;食盐可增强茶多酚的抑菌活性.表6参18     

Sponges and Their Symbionts as a Source of Valuable Compounds in Cosmeceutical Field

In the last decades, the marine environment was discovered as a huge reservoir of novel bioactive compounds, useful for medicinal treatments improving human health and well-being. Among several marine organisms exhibiting biotechnological potential, sponges were highlighted as one of the most interesting phyla according to a wide literature describing new molecules every year. Not surprisingly, the first marine drugs approved for medical purposes were isolated from a marine sponge and are now used as anti-cancer and anti-viral agents. In most cases, experimental evidence reported that very often associated and/or symbiotic communities produced these bioactive compounds for a mutual benefit. Nowadays, beauty treatments are formulated taking advantage of the beneficial properties exerted by marine novel compounds. In fact, several biological activities suitable for cosmetic treatments were recorded, such as anti-oxidant, anti-aging, skin whitening, and emulsifying activities, among others. Here, we collected and discussed several scientific contributions reporting the cosmeceutical potential of marine sponge symbionts, which were exclusively represented by fungi and bacteria. Bioactive compounds specifically indicated as products of the sponge metabolism were also included. However, the origin of sponge metabolites is dubious, and the role of the associated biota cannot be excluded, considering that the isolation of symbionts represents a hard challenge due to their uncultivable features.     

微生物固态发酵对饲料营养特性的影响

采用酵母菌单菌和酵母菌、乳酸菌混菌对玉米、豆粕和麸皮组成的饲料进行好氧固态发酵,探索其对饲料营养成分和体外功能活性的影响。结果表明,发酵后,粗蛋白、总磷和低分子量肽含量显著(P<0.05)提高,而粗脂肪含量显著(P<0.05)降低。氨基酸方面,酵母单菌和混菌发酵后,天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸和精氨酸的含量显著(P<0.05)提高。与发酵前相比,酵母单菌发酵还显著(P<0.05)提高了总氨基酸含量。饲料经过单菌和混菌发酵后,总酚含量、维生素B2、B6以及咖啡酸、没食子酸的含量亦显著(P<0.05)提高。体外功能评价试验表明,发酵饲料提取液对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、藤黄微球菌和沙门氏菌等4种指示菌均有抑制效果,并对酵母菌和乳酸菌有促生长作用。由此可知,在本试验条件下,酵母单菌发酵和酵母、乳酸菌混菌发酵处理可有效提高饲料的营养品质。