The Kinetic Study of Adsorption of Methane on Anthracite and Its Char

The adsorption quantities of methane on anthracite and its char at different tem-perature and time were measured by using volumetric niethod. The corresponding adsorption formula-is presented. The experimental results have shown that the diffusion acti-vation energies of methane in the anthracite and its char are 14.3 kJ/mol and 26. 3 kJ/mol.It issuggested that the diffusion process of methane could be the flow through the micropores in the an-thracite and its char.     

生物质型煤与无烟散煤在烟叶烘烤中的应用效果对比

2010年在云南曲靖进行了生物质型煤与无烟散煤的对比研究,通过试验分析了不同类型燃料的燃烧效率、添加次数与耗煤量,以及对烤后烟叶质量、烘烤经济效益的影响.研究结果表明:生物质型煤升温均衡,主要表现在烘烤定色阶段和干筋阶段;生物质型煤稳温效果好,主要表现在变黄期关键温度点38℃和定色期47℃,但总体耗煤量大、加煤频繁;燃...     

Terrestrial Arthropods in the Initial Restoration Stages of Anthracite Coal Mine Spoil Heaps in Northwestern Spain: Potential Usefulness of Higher Taxa as Restoration Indicators

An “edaphic‐landscape” restoration was performed in two anthracite coal mine spoil heaps located in NW Spain as a demonstration and pilot program for the restoration of coal mine spoils. Terrestrial arthropods were used to monitor the process as an alternative to the use of secondary succession of plants or physico‐chemical indicators of soils. This study analyzes the usefulness of the terrestrial arthropods at different taxonomic levels (orders of Arthropoda, families of Coleoptera, and species of Carabidae) as restoration indicators in the initial restoration stages. The terrestrial arthropods respond rapidly to restoration, and the results may be explained by short‐term increase in abiotic factors resulting from the applied techniques, mainly the animal origin of the organic matter added and the biodegradable coconut geotextile. Carabidae is of relatively low value as a short‐term restoration indicator at a specific level. Coleoptera provided the best information for interpreting the ecological results over the short term and had the best relationship with the cost of identification. Likewise, the results showed that the edaphic‐landscape restoration leads to an abnormal arthropod assemblage in the short term because of an excessive abundance of isopods and polydesmids. No clear convergence appeared toward any of the terrestrial arthropod communities present in the grassland, scrubland, or woodland semi‐natural areas, which were used as reference end point. The restoration indicator value produced by the higher taxonomic levels of the studied terrestrial arthropods may be useful and cost‐effective for assessing short‐term changes caused by environmental restorations performed to recover ecosystems affected by mining activities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental Investigation on Gasitication of Industrial Briquette

In this paper,the discussion is qiven to the makeup method,the manufacturingtechnique and the gasification test results of industrial briquette.The various factors in fluencing onthe strength of gaslfying briquette are analysed,and the optimum parameters of briquetting processare obtained. The anthracite briquette manufactured is tested in the simulating gas generator. Theresults show it is of benefits of higher gasifieation strength and efficiency,lower cost,and wiuer re-sou rce to prOdu ce the gas with the industrial briquette as com pared with the same quality lump coal.     

Experimental Study of Preparation of Calcium Sulfide from Thermal Decomposition of Phosphogypsum

In this paper, it was carried out for reduction decomposition of phosphogypsum to calcium sulfide under N2 atmosphere. The size of phosphogypsum was measured by Nano-ZS90 Zetasizer. Scanning electron microscopy and XRD-ray diffraction were used to analyze the raw-material and decomposition solid production. These conditions were also studied on a carbon to CaSO4 molar ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time, and reaction atmosphere in the N2 atmosphere. The results showed that the optimal conditions for production of CaS are found to be a carbon to CaSO4 molar ratio of 2.4 to 1, a temperature of 900～1000 ℃,a reaction time of 2 h, and reductive atmosphere. Under these conditions the conversion rate of CaS from phosphogypsum amount to no less than 97.60%.     

Use of near‐ and mid‐infrared spectroscopy to distinguish carbon and nitrogen originating from char and forest‐floor material in soils

The presence of relatively inert organic materials such as char has to be considered in calibrations of soil C models or when calculating C‐turnover times in soils. Rapid and cheap spectroscopic techniques such as near‐infrared (NIRS) or mid‐infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) may be useful for the determination of the contents of char‐derived C in soils. To test the suitability of both spectroscopic techniques for this purpose, artificial mixtures of C‐free soil, char (lignite, anthracite, charcoal, or a mixture of the three coals) and forest‐floor Oa material were produced. The total C content of these mixtures (432 samples) ranged from 0.5% to 6% with a proportion of char‐derived C amounting to 0%, 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%, or 80%. All samples were scanned in the visible and near‐IR region (400–2500 nm). Cross‐validation equations for total C and N, C and N derived from char (C_char, N_char) and Oa material were developed using the whole spectrum (first and second derivative) and a modified partial least‐square regression method. Thirty‐six samples were additionally scanned in the middle‐IR and parts of the near‐IR region (7000–400 cm^–1 which is 1430–25,000 nm) in the diffuse‐reflectance mode. All properties investigated were successfully predicted by NIRS as reflected by RSC values (ratio of standard deviation of the laboratory results to standard error of cross‐validation) > 4.3 and modeling efficiencies (EF) ≥ 0.98. Near‐infrared spectroscopy was also able to differentiate between the different coals. This was probably due to structural differences as suggested by wavelength assignment. Mid‐IR spectroscopy in the diffuse‐reflectance mode was also capable to successfully predict the parameters investigated. The EF values were > 0.9 for all constituents. Our results indicated that both spectroscopic techniques applied, NIRS and MIRS, are able to predict C and N derived from different sources in soil, if closed populations are considered.     

不同填料在高负荷垂直流人工湿地系统中净化能力的研究

选取砾石、沸石、无烟煤、页岩、蛭石、陶瓷滤料、高炉钢渣、圆陶粒8种填料,在较高水力负荷（1000～2500mm·d^-1）的条件下,进行垂直流人工湿地模拟柱净化污水实验。结果表明,无烟煤、圆陶粒、砾石具有较好去除有机物的能力,对COD的去除率达到50%以上;钢渣和无烟煤对BOD的去除率达到70%以上。沸石和陶瓷滤料对总氮和氨氮的去除率达到70%以上,其他几种填料对总氮和氨氮的去除率仅为20%左右。高炉钢渣和无烟煤具有较好去除磷的能力,高炉钢渣对总磷和总溶解性磷的去除率达到90%以上,无烟煤对总磷和总溶解性磷的去除率达到60%～70%。孔隙率的变化对垂直流人工湿地的净化能力有显著影响。在垂直流人工湿地处理系统中,通过选择合适的填料,如无烟煤、圆陶粒、沸石,在较高的水力负荷条件下可获得较好的处理效果。     

不同级配基质方式下垂直流人工湿地净化效果及渗透性能研究

本研究设置了基质正、反级配垂直流人工湿地,通过测定系统对CODCr、TN、TP、NH4＋-N等指标的去除效率、有效孔隙率和渗透系数的变化来比较两种级配方式下垂直流人工湿地净化效果和系统渗透性能。结果表明,两种级配方式下,垂直流湿地系统对污染物去除的综合效果优于单一粒径的无烟煤湿地系统;反级配系统在除磷方面存在优势,正级配系统在CODCr去除方面显著强于反级配系统,在脱氮方面两者不存在显著性差异;反级配系统的有效孔隙率在各层的降幅变化不大,而正级配系统表层及上层有效孔隙率的降幅显著大于中层和底层;正级配系统渗透系数的变化显著高于反级配系统,且出现了持续性表面滞水现象。以上结果均表明,反级配垂直流湿地系统可以在保证净化效率的同时,缓解湿地基质堵塞,有效延长基质的使用寿命。     

生活垃圾掺烧无烟煤燃烧特性热重实验分析

在WCT-2C型微机差热天平上对生活垃圾与无烟煤以不同比例所得混合试样进行热重实验,利用TG-DTG热分析技术研究其燃烧特性.结果表明,生活垃圾加入无烟煤后,提高了生活垃圾的燃烧稳定性,废弃能源可得到最大限度的回收.