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1.
    
The breadmaking quality of wheat is affected by the composition of gluten proteins and the polymerisation of subunits that are synthesised and accumulated in developing wheat grain. The biological mechanisms and time course of these events during grain development are documented, but not widely confirmed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor the accumulation of gluten protein subunits and the size distribution of protein aggregates during grain development. The effect of desiccation on the polymerisation of gluten proteins and the functional properties of gluten were also studied. The results showed that the size of glutenin polymers remained consistently low until yellow ripeness (YR), while it increased during grain desiccation after YR. Hence, this polymerisation process was presumed to be initiated by desiccation. A similar polymerisation event was also observed when premature grains were dried artificially. The composition of gluten proteins, the ratios of glutenin to gliadin and high molecular weight-glutenin subunits to low molecular weight-glutenin subunits, in premature grain after artificial desiccation showed close association with the size of glutenin polymers in artificially dried grain. Functional properties of gluten in these samples were also associated with polymer size after artificial desiccation.  相似文献   
2.
In current study, dry–matter accumulation (DMA), pre– and post–anthesis nitrogen (N) accumulation, N translocation (NT) and dry–matter partitioning by sunflower seeds was investigated under three sowing dates (January 20, February 10 & March 2), two intra–row spacings (30 & 24 cm) and four nitrogen doses (0, 45, 60 & 75 kg ha–1) in two alluvial soils. Early sowing resulted in higher DMA and NT; leading to higher nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) that could be associated with higher pre–anthesis N accumulation. The closer intra–row spacing resulted in higher DMA by all plant parts except seed. Each graded N dose improved DMA, but improvement in dry–matter partitioning to seed was significant up to 60 and 75 kg N ha–1 during 2014 and 2015, respectively owing to higher NT under respective treatments. NUE was highest at 60 kg N ha–1 during both years.  相似文献   
3.
人工辅助授粉的理论与技术研究Ⅱ.振动对开花的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
振动使父本平均花时显著提前。大约在盛花前1h,花丝开始伸长,对振动最敏感。振动后15min内开花量激增。振动破坏了开花频率的正态分布。不育系对振动的反应不如常规稻敏感。  相似文献   
4.
    
Glutamine synthetase (GS) plays a central role in plant nitrogen (N) metabolism, which improves crops grain protein content. A pot experiment in field condition was carried out to evaluate GS expression and activity, and grain protein content in high (Wanmai16) and low grain protein (Loumai24) wheat cultivars under two N levels (0.05 and 0.15 g N kg−1 soil). High nitrogen (HN) resulted in significant increases in GS1 and GS2 expression at 10 days after anthesis (DAA), and higher GS activity during the entire grain filling stage. HN also significantly increased yield, grain protein content and protein fraction (except for glutenin of Luomai24) in two wheat cultivars, which indicated that it increased grain yield and protein content by improving nitrogen metabolism. Wanmai16 showed higher grain protein content, gliadin and glutenin content, and had higher expression level of GS2 both in flag leaves and grains at early grain filling stage. However, Luomai24 had greater yield and higher expression level of GS1. The difference expression of GS2 and GS1 genes indicates they had various contributions to the accumulation of protein and starch in wheat grains, respectively. The results suggest that GS2 would be serving as a potential breeding target for improving wheat quality.  相似文献   
5.
花后水分亏缺对冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
为给小麦高产和生育后期抗旱栽培提供理论依据,盆栽试验条件下,选用旱地小麦品种长武134、长旱58和水地小麦品种西农9871作为试验材料,研究了花后水分亏缺对不同生态型小麦光合特性及产量的影响.结果表明,花后水分亏缺对小麦灌浆期旗叶光合速率(Pn)和荧光参数(Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm)、籽粒产量、收获指数及水分利用效率均有明显影响.与对照相比,中度水分亏缺下两个旱地小麦品种Pn除花后24 d外变化均不明显,Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm有升高趋势,产量和收获指数变化也不显著,水分利用效率明显提高;在重度水分亏缺下,Pn、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、产量和收获指数均降低,水分利用效率长武134依然高于对照,而长旱58明显降低.水地小麦西农9871的Pn、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm随水分亏缺程度的加重呈下降趋势,产量和收获指数与旱地小麦变化相似,水分利用效率处理间差异较小.说明旱地小麦受花后水分亏缺的不利影响小于水地小麦,表现出较高的水分利用能力.  相似文献   
6.
在黄淮海地区小麦-玉米一年两熟种植模式下,常规施氮270 kg/hm2且氮磷肥配施比为3∶1时,夏玉米叶片衰老较缓慢,花后光合能力较强,穗粒数增加,获得夏玉米高产;减量施氮33%并调整氮磷比为2∶1,可延缓夏玉米花后叶片衰老,提升花后光合能力,获得夏玉米丰产高效。综上,施用磷肥90 kg/hm2且维持氮磷配比为2∶1至3∶1,利于夏玉米高产高效。  相似文献   
7.
以16份玉米自交系为试验材料,通过比较其在全生育期水分胁迫和正常灌溉条件下农艺性状、产量性状和光合特性的差异,以抗旱系数为基本评价指标,采用逐步回归法建立最优回归方程,同时结合相关性分析、隶属度及聚类分析方法,对玉米自交系进行抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选。结果表明:水分条件对散粉吐丝间隔期、株高、穗长等11个性状具有显著/极显著影响,单穗粒重、散粉吐丝间隔期和穗长可作为玉米自交系抗旱性鉴定的次级性状筛选指标。利用次级性状抗旱系数的平均隶属度和旱情发生时期抗旱系数的平均隶属度两种方法对自交系抗旱性进行综合评价,结果完全一致的有11份;通过聚类分析,将16份玉米自交系分成4类,其中强抗旱型5份、抗旱型6份、中抗旱型4份、弱抗旱型1份。参试材料中,抗旱性最强的自交系为Si-287,最弱的自交系为X178。  相似文献   
8.
花期渍害胁迫下冬油菜生长及产量模拟研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
渍害是长江流域油菜生产中的多发性气象灾害,为了定量研究花期渍害影响下油菜生长及产量,预报及防控油菜花期渍害影响,以浙平四号和华油杂16为试验材料,通过分析花期渍害对浙平四号油菜生长及产量的影响规律,提出了油菜地上部单株干重、产量及产量构成渍害影响因子,初步建立了花期渍害影响下油菜地上部单株干重、产量及产量构成模型,渍害干物重影响因子为一元二次方程,渍害产量影响因子则呈对数方程。经利用水分控制盆栽试验资料检验,结果表明华油杂16油菜地上部单株干重及单株产量实测值与模拟值相关系数(r)、绝对误差(da)、绝对误差占实测值比率(dap)以及RMSE值分别为0.949 9、0.89 g/株、4.55%及1.09 g;0.920 1、7.89 g/株、39.02%及8.58 g/株。花期渍害下油菜地上部单株干重模拟精度较高,而单株产量的模拟精度较低,说明花期渍害在盆栽试验条件下的表现与田间试验有明显不同。所建模型可与本项目组先期研制的油菜生长模型结合,在进一步检验并获得区域和地点尺度天气预报、模型参数后可用于花期渍害发生时油菜生长及产量预报。  相似文献   
9.
    
Strong adhesion between the hull and the caryopsis is essential for barley to be of good malting quality. Poor hull adhesion, a condition known as grain skinning, is undesirable for malting and downstream processes. At present, the processes mediating hull adhesion during grain development are poorly understood. The barley cultivar Chariot was grown in greenhouse conditions and grain development was recorded at defined growth stages to examine the timing of hull adhesion. Initiation of adhesion was first observed when caryopsis fresh weight and volume were approaching their maximum at 19 days after anthesis, during early dough. Hull adhesion was complete by 27 days after anthesis, or soft dough. Sections of developing grains were observed using light and transmission electron microscopy to examine a lipid-rich cementing layer believed to be responsible for adhesion between the hull and the pericarp. Evidence for a lipid-rich cementing material was supported by the observation that neither pectinase nor cellulase effected hull loosening. Grain growth, the presence of globular material originating from the pericarp and an electron dense material in the cementing layer are discussed in relation to hull adhesion. Grain skinning could be caused by poor adherence of cuticular material or inadequate fusion between cuticles.  相似文献   
10.
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