草莓摘叶处理对果实芳香物质的影响

 对草莓(Fragaria×ananassa Duch．)‘哈达’品种坐果后植株进行摘叶处理，对成熟果实的糖类和芳香物质含量进行了测定分析，结果表明：不摘叶、摘1/3叶和摘2/3叶3个处理果实GC/MS分析分别检测出43、33和37种芳香物质成分。随摘叶程度加重，芳香物质成分中酯类的相对含量呈下降趋势，而醛类的相对含量呈上升的趋势；2，5-二甲基-4-甲氧基-3(2H)-呋喃酮的相对含量明显降低；果糖和总糖含量显著降低。     

Strawberry Production in Central Europe

Abstract

This paper focuses on the cropping systems in central European countries such as Belgium, The Netherlands, UK, Ireland, Germany, Switzerland and the northern part of France and Italy. During the last decade there has been a consistent increase in programmed “out-of-season” strawberry production in several central European countries. This is being achieved in part, by using cultivars with different cropping seasons, but mainly by sequential planting of cold-stored plants and by growing strawberries in greenhouses and plastic tunnels. These methods have made it possible to extend the strawberry production for 11 months, from the end of February until mid January in central European countries with moderate climates.     

＇早红＇草莓高效遗传转化受体系统的建立

本文以草莓主栽品种‘早红’组培苗离体叶片和叶柄为外植体,进行叶龄、暗培养、植物生长调节剂配比及抗生素敏感性研究,建立草莓高效遗传转化的受体系统。在含3.0mg/L6-BA与0.1mg/L2,4-D的MS培养基上,30d叶龄的叶片再生频率高达98.31%,平均每叶片再生芽数5.09个,叶柄切段的再生频率为89.25%,平均每叶柄切段再生芽数4.92个,叶片的再生频率略高于叶柄;不定芽在含0.2mg/L6-BA与0.2mg/LGA3的MS继代培养基上培养成苗。将生长状态良好的不定芽转至含0.2mg/LIBA的1/2MS培养基上生根,生根率达100%,平均生根数量16.27条,平均根长1.85cm。抗生素敏感性试验表明,草莓外植体适宜的卡那霉素选择压力为25mg/L,头孢霉素的筛选浓度为300mg/L。本研究建立的再生体系可作为草莓遗传转化的受体系统。     

草莓生物技术育种研究进展

应用生物技术是草莓品种改良和种质创新的重要手段。本文综述了近几十年来国内外生物技术在草莓育种研究中的应用主要进展,内容包括草莓的遗传转化、草莓的细胞悬浮培养、草莓的原生质体培养、草莓的花药培养、草莓的离体胚培养、草莓突变体的筛选等方面的研究。最后根据草莓生物技术育种存在的问题探讨了今后草莓育种工作的发展方向。     

灌溉方式对草莓光合特性和根系生长的影响

以草莓丰香为材料,探讨三种灌溉方式（沟灌、滴灌、滴灌+半基质）对粘性土壤条件下草莓产量、光合生理指标和根系生长的影响。结果表明：与沟灌相比,滴灌+半基质方式和滴灌方式均能促进草莓的生长和增加其产量,单株产量分别增加36.89%和29.30%,在开花期草莓叶片光合速率提高了41.56%和34.46%;在结果期,水分利用率提高了28.69%和24.65%,根冠比提高了51.78%和29.28%;滴灌+半基质方式和滴灌方式更有利于根系生长,在开花期根体积提高了164.25%和78.72%、根鲜重提高了117.18%和84.07%、在结果期根系活力提高了70.98%和48.38%;滴灌+半基质栽培灌溉方式是一种适宜粘性土壤草莓的灌溉方式。     

一氧化氮延缓草莓成熟衰老的生理效应

 以硝普钠（SNP）为一氧化氮（NO）供体，研究了不同浓度NO对丰香草莓采后果实乙烯产生、呼吸强度、维生素C（Vc）、可溶性蛋白、失水腐烂和相对电导率，以及超氧物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性的影响。结果表明，5 μmol·L-1 SNP释放NO可以抑制草莓果实乙烯的产生和呼吸强度，延缓乙烯产生和呼吸高峰的出现，并推迟了果实固酸比、Vc和可溶性蛋白含量下降时期，抑制果实腐烂失水和相对电导率升高；使果实CAT活性显著增强，SOD活性在后期高于对照，但POD活性低于对照。10 μmol·L-1 SNP对果实产生轻微毒害作用，1 μmol·L-1 SNP延迟草莓衰老的效果不明显。证明了NO抑制果实衰老与其浓度的相关性，揭示了NO保护细胞膜结构完整的作用机理。     

不同栽培模式下草莓脱毒苗与常规苗对生长和结果影响的比较

以‘红颜’‘章姬’2个草莓品种脱毒苗和常规苗为试材,比较脱毒苗与常规苗在植物学生长特性和果实抗病性方面的表现,以期为上海地区草莓优质种苗的繁育、母苗选择、育苗方式的选择提供科学指导。结果表明:脱毒苗在炼苗期叶片病虫害发生率控制在0%~6%。在相同栽培模式下,‘红颜’脱毒苗的生长势较常规苗株高、冠径、单株匍匐茎和单株花序分别增加了8.40 cm、1.70 cm、1.75条、1.77个;‘章姬’脱毒苗的生长势较常规苗株高、冠径、单株匍匐茎和单株花序分别增加了3.89 cm、0.74 cm、1.60条、1.10个。同时‘红颜’脱毒苗定植后果实病害发生率从常规苗的17.33%降低到脱毒苗的2.66%;‘章姬’脱毒苗定植后果实病害发生率从常规苗的13.33%降低到0%。不同栽培模式下繁苗,‘红颜’脱毒苗在单层X支架式栽培下生长势较单层单列式栽培模式下株高、冠径和单株匍匐茎数目分别增加了6.10 cm、2.48 cm与2.77条。‘红颜’‘章姬’脱毒苗比常规苗在繁苗期生长势更旺盛,‘红颜’脱毒苗在生产时期果实病害发生率比常规苗极显著性降低,‘红颜’脱毒苗采用常规地垄式栽培比立架栽培植株生长势和繁苗率高。     

草莓FaMYB10蛋白互作验证及启动子克隆

本研究旨在探究光信号如何调控草莓花青素苷合成的分子机制,利用同源克隆法从3个不同颜色的草莓品种(‘红颜’,‘桃熏’,‘白雪公主’)中分离得到FaMYB10基因及其启动子序列,采用酵母双杂交系统验证FaMYB10的转录激活能力及其与FaCOP1的蛋白互作关系,利用红颜草莓FaMYB10基因的启动子序列构建酵母单杂交诱饵载体pHIS2-ProFaMYB10,并验证其在酵母Y187中的自激活现象。结果表明,经测序显示3个不同颜色的草莓品种FaMYB10基因的CDS区域序列完全一致为702 bp,但是在启动子区域存在不同差异。酵母双杂交实验表明Fa MYB10在Y2HGold中存在转录激活能力,FaMYB10同FaCOP1存在蛋白质与蛋白质互作关系。在Y187宿主内,发现当3-AT浓度达到60 mmol/L无法抑制FaMYB10基因启动子带来的自激活现象。本研究结果为理解草莓通过光信号传导调控下游FaMYB10,进而影响花青素苷合成的分子机制提供一定理论参考。     

Effects of bark mulch and npk fertilizer on yield,leaf nutrient status and soil mineral nitrogen during three years of strawberry production

The effects of bark mulch and NPK fertilizers on yield and leaf and soil nutrient status of ‘Korona’ strawberry plants (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.), were studied over a period of three years. A significant effect of mulching was found in the first harvest year, but additional fertilizer did not affect total yield. Bark mulch slightly decreased the level of leaf nitrogen, but increased the level of leaf phosphorus and potassium in all years. Bark had a significant, negative effect on soil nitrate and ammonium content in the two first seasons. Mulching increased the soil moisture content in all years.     

Factors influencing fruit size in the strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.)

Summary Fruit size is one of the most important characteristics of highly productive strawberry cultivars. The aim of the experiments was to establish the factors responsible for the expression of this trait. The total yield of large fruits correlates closely with the total yield of all fruits and depends mainly on the mean fruit weight of all fruits. The position of fruits on the inflorescence influences the decline of fruit size to a larger extent in small-fruited clones than in the large-fruited ones. The size of the fruit is controlled by the dimension of the receptacle and number of achenes. The stimulating effects of achenes are quite different in various genotypes and the fruit weight per achene declines with the inferior blossom position. The large-fruited clones have bigger leaves, a larger photosynthetic area, and thicker petioles and flower stalks. Their cells are larger, which is common for the giant genotypes. The results suggest that there exists a possibility for indirect selection of fruit size on the basis of some additional parameters, which can be useful particularily in the years of unsuitable weather conditions.