对高寒牧区畜间布鲁氏菌病防控对策的思考

布鲁氏菌病是危害多种动物和人类的传染病,也是我国重点防控的人畜共患传染病之一。受市场等因素调节,牛羊反刍动物数量增加,且动物及其产品流通频繁,动物疫病发生风险加大,许多地方畜间布病呈上升趋势。为切实加强畜间布病防控工作,肃南县按照省、市业务部门的防控要求,结合当地高寒牧区畜间布病流行实际,制订防控工作计划,全面落实动物疫病主动监测、定点检疫、消毒灭源、阳性畜扑杀及无害化处理综合防治措施,取得一定成效。     

高寒草甸退化对土壤电导率变化影响的研究

土壤电导率是表征土壤水溶性盐的一个重要指标,可反映土壤盐渍化程度.为了研究高寒草甸退化对土壤电导率的影响,以三江源区未退化高寒草甸和退化高寒草甸为研究对象,系统分析了退化高寒草甸的植被特征和土壤特征与土壤电导率的相互关系.结果表明:高寒草甸退化会对土壤电导率产生显著负影响,且土壤电导率与评价高寒草甸的退化指标植被盖度、...     

Leaf stoichiometry of Leontopodium lentopodioides at high altitudes on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

Altitude affects leaf stoichiometry by regulating temperature and precipitation, and influencing soil properties in mountain ecosystems. Leaf carbon concentration(C), leaf nitrogen concentration(N),leaf phosphorous concentration(P), and their stoichiometric ratios of Leontopodium lentopodioides(Willd.)Beauv., a widespread species in degraded grasslands, were investigated to explore its response and adaptation strategy to environmental changes along four altitude gradients(2500, 3000, 3500, and 3...     

Effects of white-tailed deer on vegetation structure and woody seedling composition in three forest types on the Piedmont Plateau

White-tailed deer (Ododcoileus virginiana) can substantially affect the structure and species composition of a forest. The tolerance of a forest community to browsing may vary by type as a result of varying biotic and abiotic factors of the environment. To date, no studies have compared the effects of browsing among forest communities within a physiographic region. We investigated the effects of browsing on vegetation structure and woody seedling composition in three forest types (oak–hickory, Virginia pine–eastern red cedar, bottomland hardwood) in Manassas National Battlefield Park (MNBP), Virginia, USA. We compared forb cover, vertical plant cover (0–1.5 m tall), and survival of tagged seedlings in 10 exclosed (2 m × 6 m) and 10 unexclosed plots in each forest type during a 5-year period. No differential effects of browsing were found among forest types. In all forest types, deer (67 deer/km²) suppressed forb and vertical plant cover to levels less than would be expected in the absence of deer. Seedling survival rates of most species were significantly reduced by browsing. By the 4th year of the study, box elder (Acer negundo), hickory (Carya spp.), and red maple (Acer rubrum) had been eliminated from unexclosed plots, and red and white oaks (Quercus spp.) dramatically reduced. Ash (Fraxinus spp.), black cherry (Prunus serotina), and hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), although significantly impacted, remained the most abundant species throughout the study. These findings suggest that white-tailed deer may be modifying the structure of the forest interior to the extent that it adversely affects wildlife species dependent on a dense understory to thrive. We predict that the future composition of forests in MNBP will shift towards stands with fewer species and a greater dominance of ash, black cherry, and hackberry, particularly in the oak–hickory and bottomland hardwood forests, where the majority of current dominants are most affected.     

Nationwide survey of hepatitis E virus infection among wildlife in Japan

In Japan, hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes hepatitis in humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat, including game meat. In the present study, nationwide surveillance of HEV infection among a total of 5,557 wild animals, including 15 species, was conducted in Japan. The prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in wild boar was 12.4%, with higher positive rates in big boars (over 50 kg, 18.4%) than in small individuals (less than 30 kg, 5.3%). Furthermore, HEV RNA was more frequently detected in piglets than in older boars. Interestingly, the detection of HEV among wildlife by ELISA and RT-PCR suggested that HEV infection in Sika deer was a very rare event, and that there was no HEV infection among wild animals except for wild boar, Sika deer and Japanese monkeys. In conclusion, wild boar, especially piglets, are at high risk of HEV infection, while other wild animals showed less risk or no risk of HEV transmission.     

三种影响条件下黄河源区高寒草地土壤物理及力学性质

为探讨放牧和鼠害对黄河源区高寒退化草地土壤物理力学性质的影响,该研究选取位于黄河源区青海河南县高寒草地作为研究区,分别设置禁鼠、禁牧和自然3种影响条件,并将草地依次划分为未退化、轻度退化、中度退化、重度退化4种退化类型。通过测定3种影响条件下4种退化类型草地的土壤含水率、密度、含根量、黏聚力和内摩擦角,分析3种影响条件对不同退化类型草地土壤物理力学性质的影响;采用灰色关联分析法探讨不同退化类型草地土壤含水率、密度、含根量对土壤黏聚力的影响程度。结果表明：随着草地退化程度加剧,土壤含水率、含根量及黏聚力均呈逐渐降低的变化趋势,而土壤密度则呈逐渐增大的变化趋势。进一步研究表明,同一退化类型草地,土壤黏聚力由大至小依次为禁鼠、禁牧和自然条件,且禁鼠条件土壤黏聚力显著大于自然条件（P<0.05）;未退化和轻度退化草地,土壤黏聚力与含根量间的关联度相对较高,关联度为0.706～0.778,而中度退化和重度退化草地,土壤黏聚力与密度和含水率间的关联度相对较大,关联度分别为0.586～0.785和0.622～0.779。研究结果对于科学有效防治黄河源区高寒草地退化及其所引起的水土流失、浅层滑坡等灾害现象的发生,具有实际指导意义。     

鹿口蹄疫抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

以纯化的口蹄疫病毒作为包被抗原,建立了检测鹿口蹄疫抗体的间接酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）。最佳反应条件是：抗原包被质量浓度为40μg/mL,血清稀释度为1：100,检测的灵敏度为1：400。     

饲粮能量浓度对生茸期梅花鹿瘤胃消化代谢的影响

选用 4头装置永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年梅花鹿 ,用 3种含有不同能量浓度的精料补充料日粮 ,按 4× 3拉丁方试验设计 ,对瘤胃内 pH值、氨态氮 (NH3 N)、三氯醋酸沉淀蛋白 (TCA P)和总挥发性脂肪酸 (TVFA)浓度进行了测定 ,并研究了其动态变化规律以及VFA组分百分率。试验结果表明 ,日粮能量浓度对瘤胃内 pH值、NH3 N浓度、TVFA浓度没有显著的影响(P >0 0 5) ;而对玉米青贮采食量及TCA P浓度影响显著 (P <0 0 1 ) ,随着日粮能量浓度的提高 ,瘤胃内TCA P浓度也极显著的提高 (P <0 0 1 )。试验结果还指出 ,瘤胃内主要代谢参数均受进食的显著影响 ,在采食前后不同时间点均呈现一定的动态变化规律     

Pyogenic meningitis and trigeminal neuritis secondary to periodontogenic paranasal sinusitis in a red deer (Cervus elaphus)

An adult female red deer died of a severe seizure and dysbasia. Postmortem computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed. On CT, deciduous right maxillary second and third premolar teeth were observed, and the right infraorbital canal was disrupted. MRI showed that the right trigeminal nerve was enlarged and the right subarachnoid cavity was occupied by fluid and gas. On gross examination, the right paranasal sinus, swollen muscles of the orbit and tonsils, right trigeminal nerve, and right cerebrum surface contained a yellowish-white, cheese-like pus. Based on these findings, the deer was believed to have developed pyogenic meningitis caused by a neuropathic infection secondary to periodontogenic paranasal sinusitis.     

梅花鹿生长激素基因的克隆及序列分析

对梅花鹿的生长激素基因I部分片段进行了克隆测序 ,序列长度为 14 6 6bp ,现已将该序列提交到GeneBank上。GeneBank中的Blast分析表明 ,梅花鹿生长激素基因I与马鹿同源性为 99% ,与鼷鹿同源性为84 %。