Ecoepidemiology of the effects of pollution on reproduction and survival of early life stages in teleosts

Evidence from the field and laboratory has shown that reproduction and early life-stage survival of several species of teleost fishes have been adversely affected following the release of several classes of synthetic, organic chemicals into the environment. Field studies from many geographic areas over several decades have found associations between exposure to synthetic chemicals in the environment and effects on hatchability, embryological success and larval survival. In more recent research, exposure to sewage treatment and bleached kraft mill effluents has been correlated with changes in reproductive system development and alterations in the endocrine physiology of wild teleost fishes. Loss of fecundity and damage during various stages of development and reproduction have been associated with exposure to endocrine disruptors, including many currently used chemicals. The supporting laboratory studies have confirmed that various wild fish species are sensitive to certain synthetic chemicals at levels of exposure of parts per billion and parts per trillion, concentrations that are biochemically, physiologically, and environmentally relevant. This paper reviews the relevant field and laboratory research, and organizes the studies using the ecoepidemiological criteria of time-order, strength of association, specificity, consistency on replication, coherence and predictive performance. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that ambient concentrations of synthetic chemicals in some regions are at or above concentrations at which certain species could be affected. The viability of fishery resources must be linked not only to the quantity of habitat but also to the quality of habitat.     

高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定海产品中双酚A及烷基酚残留

建立了同时检测海产品中4种烷基酚包括4-壬基酚(4-NP)、4-辛基酚(4-OP)、4-n-壬基酚(4-n-NP)、4-t-辛基酚(4-t-OP)及双酚A(BPA)2类药物的高效液相色谱串联质谱的分析方法。样品经过乙腈超声提取和PSA固相萃取小柱净化后,使用高效液相色谱串联质谱仪测定,外标法定量。方法的检出限(信噪比S/N=3)及定量限(信噪比S/N=10)分别为0.07~0.30μg/kg和0.2~1.0μg/kg,4种烷基酚及双酚A在0.5~300.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.991 8~0.999 9,在5~100μg/kg范围内回收率试验通过空白样品加标来实现,平均加标回收率为60%~127%(n=6),相对标准偏差为2.2%~39.9%,该方法可满足进出口海产品中多种烷基酚及双酚A残留的检测需要。     

农药助剂烷基酚及其醚的限用或禁用

烷基酚及其醚是一种重要的农用表面活性剂,广泛应用于农药助剂加工,并伴随着农药的使用释放到环境中。它是一种典型的环境激素,具有内分泌干扰效应、生殖和发育等多种毒性效应,在环境中难降解。大量无序的施用于农田,不仅威胁到环境生态安全,而且会影响到农产品质量安全、农业从业人员的职业安全及国际贸易安全。建议限制该类物质在农药助剂领域的使用。     

液体农药制剂中烷基酚及其聚氧乙烯醚类助剂的高效液相色谱分析

建立了一种测定6类液体农药制剂中烷基酚（alkylphenols,APs）及其聚氧乙烯醚类（alkylphenol ethoxylates,APEOs）助剂的高效液相色谱-荧光分析方法。乳油、水剂、水乳剂、悬浮剂、可溶液剂和微乳剂样品均经甲醇超声辅助提取,稀释后过聚丙烯膜,采用Poroshell 120 EC-C18（4.6 mm×100 mm,2.7 μm）分离,V（甲醇）:V（乙腈）:V（水）=75.5:6.5:18.0三元流动相等度洗脱,荧光检测器检测,外标法定量。结果表明:在0.05~10或0.1~20 mg/L范围内,APs和APEOs的峰面积与其质量浓度间呈良好线性关系（R2均大于0.999 8）;在添加水平范围内（APs:0.5、2、5 mg/g;APEOs:1、5、25、50 mg/g）,6类液体农药剂型中APs和APEOs的平均回收率为73%~110%,相对标准偏差为0.6%~14.9%,方法的定量限在0.5~1 mg/g。该方法简单、快速、准确,适用于不同液体农药制剂中烷基酚及其聚氧乙烯醚类助剂的测定。