Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Marine-Derived Alkaloids via Enzymatic Reactions

Alkaloids are a large and structurally diverse group of marine-derived natural products. Most marine-derived alkaloids are biologically active and show promising applications in modern (agro)chemical, pharmaceutical, and fine chemical industries. Different approaches have been established to access these marine-derived alkaloids. Among these employed methods, biotechnological approaches, namely, (chemo)enzymatic synthesis, have significant potential for playing a central role in alkaloid production on an industrial scale. In this review, we discuss research progress on marine-derived alkaloid synthesis via enzymatic reactions and note the advantages and disadvantages of their applications for industrial production, as well as green chemistry for marine natural product research.     

小檗属植物中生物碱成分及药理活性研究概述

本文对小檗属植物的生物碱成分及药理活性等方面的研究进行了概述。研究结果表明,小檗属植物主要含有效成分为生物碱类物质,常见类型为原小檗碱型及双苄基异喹啉型生物碱;在药理活性方面,小檗属植物具消炎抗菌、降血压、降血糖、抗心律失常、抗癌等作用。     

黄花变异黄芪化学成分预试及生物碱成分初步分析

对黄花变异黄芪的化学成分进行了系统预试,对其总生物碱进行了提取和分段萃取,并用TLC法对分段萃取物进行了检查。结果表明,黄花变异黄芪含有糖、有机酸、酚类、鞣质、氨基酸、蛋白质、甙类或多糖、皂甙、生物碱、黄酮、蒽醌、香豆素、萜类、内脂、甾体等成分,不含挥发油、油脂、氰甙和脂肪族硝基化合物;黄花变异黄芪的生物碱主要以强极性生物碱为主,约占总生物碱的97.25%;对三段萃取物的TLC检查发现,黄花变异黄芪中含有苦马豆素,且主要存在于乙酸乙酯萃取部分和正丁醇萃取部分。     

An Effect of Various Nitrogen Forms Used as Fertilizer on Lupinus albus L. Yield and Protein, Alkaloid and α-Galactosides Content

The influence of various forms of nitrogen supplied to the ground as N₂, NH, NO, [NH + NO], –NH₂, and Nd (N‐deficiency) on Lupinus albus L. cvs. Butan (sweet) and Bac (bitter) yield and protein, alkaloid and α‐galactoside biosynthesis in their seeds were studied. The experiments were performed in a greenhouse on perlite using, in all cases, the same dose of P, K, Mg and micronutrients (B, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, Fe). The Nd treatment contained only macro‐ and micronutrients without any nitrogen support. We found that different nitrogen forms used as a fertilizer had a significant influence on the development and yield structure of both lupin cultivars. It was found that the plants developed most favourably when nitrogen was supplied as N₂ and [NH + NO]. For the other forms, the anomalies like necrosis, chlorosis, leaves with small surface of assimilation were noticed. However, these observations were not always reflected by all parameters of yield structure. The forms of nitrogen had a pivotal influence on yield of generative and vegetative parts of lupin. Moreover, significant differences in protein, alkaloid and α‐galactoside content in seeds were observed.     

生物碱化学生态学与害虫管理

生物碱是自然界中分布最广的一类次生代谢产物之一。它可以在正确的时间、正确的位置和正确的浓度出现,以充分发挥其生态防御功能。就生物碱化学生态学的研究概况及其在害虫管理中的应用作一概述。     

GC/MS/MS在烟草生物碱分析中的应用研究

以烟草为分析对象,研究离子阱质谱在植物样品分析中的应用。结果表明,GC/MS/MS通过选择特定的先驱离子,具有很高的特异性,基本排除了样品中其它物质的干扰。6种烟草生物碱相对标准偏差为0.45%～4.52%;最低检出限达到0.33μg/g。     

外源茉莉酸甲酯对UV-B胁迫下颠茄生物碱积累及TAs代谢途径调控的机制探究

In order to preliminarily explore the mechanism of TAs metabolic pathway in A. belladonna treated with exogenous methyl jasmone under UV-B stress, the effects on the contents of hyoscyamine and scopolamine, the upstream products in alkaloid synthesis, signal molecule and the expression level of key enzyme genes of secondary metabolism were studied under different concentrations of exogenous MeJA and different treatment time under using A. belladonna as materials. UV-B stress treatment significantly reduced the contents of hyoscyamine and scopolamine, inhibited the accumulation of precursors in the TAs synthesis pathway, which harmful to TAs synthesis. The content of TAs in A. belladonna increased to some extent, the contents of precursor amino acids (ornithine, arginine), polyamine content and key enzymes activities in the synthesis of putrescine in the secondary metabolic pathway all increased to some extent after treatment with the appropriate concentration of MeJA. The concentrations of signal molecule NO firstly increased and then decreased with the rising MeJA concentration, and reached the highest when MeJA concentration was 250 μmol L ^-1. The expression of key enzyme genes in TAs synthesis pathway showed that exogenous MeJA could increase the relative gene expression levels of TR I, PPAR, H6H to some extent. Those indicated that exogenous MeJA could induce the increase in the contents of upstream products in TAs synthesis by stimulating the burst of NO resulted in more precursor materials for the TAs synthesis pathway and affect the high expression of TR I, PPAR and H6H. It alleviated the inhibiton of UV-B stress on TAs of A. belladonna and increased the contents of hyoscyamine and scopolamine effectively. The results provided a theoretical basis for further studying the mechanism of exogenous elicitors to regulate the TAs secondary metabolic pathway of A. belladonn under stress, and effectively improved the stress resistance of A. belladonn and the accumulation of medicinal ingredients in actual production.     

瓢虫防卫生物碱中的氮杂大环内酯

化学防卫是昆虫防御外来侵害的方法之一。简要评述了墨西哥豆瓢虫Epilachna varivestis、南瓜瓢虫Epilachna borealis、苜蓿瓢虫Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata 3种瓢虫蛹分泌的化学防御物质——氮杂大环内酯的结构、生物活性以及生物合成的研究进展。     

雷公藤总生物碱分离及杀虫活性研究

提取、分离了雷公藤 (Tripterygium wilfordii Hook)根皮中总生物碱 ,并对其杀虫活性和作用方式进行了系统的生物测定。结果表明 ,雷公藤总生物碱对 5龄菜青虫有很强的麻醉、拒食和毒杀作用 ;拒食中浓度AFC5 0 为 2 75 .5 3m g/L,毒杀中浓度 L C5 0 为 77.86 m g/L,麻醉中量 ND5 0 为 2 .2 9μg/g;雷公藤总生物碱无触杀和熏蒸作用。试虫中毒症状主要为幼虫表皮出现黑斑 ,形成黑斑部分不能脱去旧表皮 ,最终死亡     

番茄植株中生物碱类对菜青虫(Pieris rapae L.)活性组分的分离和提纯

为寻找和开发不污染环境、不伤害天敌而对菜青虫有活性的行为物质,本研究对番茄植株中的生物碱类进行提取、分离和部分纯化,得到了极性和非极性生物碱类以及番茄苷(tomatine)纯品,与标样对照薄层试验吻合。将提取物对5龄菜青虫进行试验表明:生物碱类及其中的番茄苷对菜青虫有明显拒食作用;番茄苷对菜青虫有抑制生长发育的作用。