花粉多糖注射剂质量标准中几个项目测定

根据中国药典对注射剂的要求,对花粉多糖的蛋白质、鞣质、树脂、草酸盐、炽灼残渣、钾离子、砷盐、重金属含量进行测定,均符合规定,达到质量标准。     

新疆罗布泊嗜碱细菌的分离及其生理学特性的初步研究

从新疆罗布泊“大耳朵”地区的湖盆沉积物中分离得到151个细菌菌株。研究比较了不同培养基的分离效果,测定了嗜碱细菌生长的pH值范围,对不同碱性物质KOH、K2CO3、NaOH、Na2CO3的选择性和对NaCl、KCl的耐受性。结果表明,添加了罗布泊盐壳浸提物的培养基更有利于嗜碱细菌的富集培养和分离。分离菌株中专性嗜碱菌、兼性嗜碱菌和耐碱菌的比例分别为29.8%,39.7%和30.5%。54.3%的嗜碱菌菌株对4种碱性物质具有广泛的适应性,13.2%菌株对Na^＋有一定的依赖性,对含K^＋碱性物质敏感,只有1.9%的菌株对CO32-碱性物质敏感。77.1%嗜碱细菌可以耐受7%-15%的NaCl和10%-20%的KCl,具有较强的耐盐特性,其中是否存在嗜盐碱双极端因子的古菌,尚有待进一步研究确定。     

社会经济系统磷元素流通及其环境效应研究：以山东省栖霞市为例

为研究县级尺度的社会经济系统磷元素流通及其环境效应。以山东省栖霞市为例,基于物质流分析与灰水足迹的理论框架与方法,构建栖霞市社会经济系统磷元素流通模型,并探讨各个子系统的磷元素流动特征、利用效率、环境排放等内容。结果表明:栖霞市2018年外源总磷投入达到了11 304.24 t,其中农业种植子系统所占比例95.9%,栖霞市输出的农产品与畜禽产品所含磷元素总量仅占其磷元素投入总量的16.5%,而剩余部分磷元素主要积累在当地的农业系统土壤中;栖霞市社会经济系统的磷元素利用效率相对较低,且不同子系统之间存在明显的差异,其中农业种植子系统和畜禽养殖子系统的磷利用效率分别仅为22.4%和29.3%;栖霞市社会经济系统对当地造成了严重的水土环境风险,其中当地水体中的磷元素所造成的灰水足迹总量达到了1.1×10⁹ m³,而当地果园面临着严重的土壤污染风险。因此,有效地减少磷肥使用量、提高资源利用效率等方式,能够有效地改善当地磷元素管理能力,减少当地的环境风险,从而更好地实现区域可持续发展和生态文明建设。     

Biochemical Properties of Pelagic Fish Proteins as Affected by Isolation Methods and Gel Properties by Heating Methods

The biochemical and gel properties of Pacific sardine and Pacific mackerel were characterized as affected by preparation and cooking methods. Four to eight times more salt soluble proteins were extracted from water-washed paste than fish protein isolate (FPI) paste. Higher total sulfhydryl content was measured in FPI, indicating the exposure of sulfhydryl groups during alkaline extraction. Comparing gel properties based on two cooking methods (slow and fast), the two pelagic fish proteins performed quite differently. Heating rate did not differentiate between surimi and FPI gels from sardine. However, mackerel exhibited higher texture values when using the fast cooking method, indicating the presence of high levels of proteolytic enzymes. Water-washed surimi gels were whiter than FPI for both species. Water retention ability appeared to be higher with mackerel than sardine, regardless of isolation and cooking method. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) also supported a difference in processing chemistry and thermal behavior between two methods for protein isolation and cooking, respectively.     

A comparative study on certain enzymes of the granulocyte from different ruminant species

In the present study the level of enzyme hydrolases (alkaline phosphatase, myeloperoxidase, elastase, arginase, lysozyme and β-galactosidase) of polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) granules in different ruminant species and their release in response to activation was studied. Buffalo PMN alkaline phosphatase activity was higher (P < 0.01) than in PMNs of cattle and goats. Interestingly, myeloperoxidase was higher in cattle PMNs and least in goat PMNs (P < 0.01), a similar pattern was observed in the distribution of enzyme arginase. As far as lysozyme is concerned, its activity was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in PMNs of buffaloes than in the case of cattle and goat PMNs. On activation, these cells released MPO and elastase, in all the species studied, while lysozyme was secreted only in buffalo PMN cells. Activity of certain enzymes related to oxidant defence systems such as glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were higher in cattle and goats compared to that in buffaloes. These observations are likely to have bearing on immunodefense roles played by PMNs and reflected differences among the ruminant species studied.     

情感教育与化学作文

在新课程标准中明确提出了情感态度与价值观的教学目标,那么什么是情感教育,在古代和现代,人们对情感教育又有怎样的认识。我们是怎样来看待情感教育的,实施情感教育的价值何在。在实施新课标的过程中,通过利用化学学科文理兼容的性质,在教学中运用“化学作文”来培养学生的情感态度,激发学生的学习兴趣。文中以物质的量为知识背景,利用微粒个数、阿伏伽德罗常数、物质的量、常数6．02×10^23这4个物理量创设了一个化学情景,对化学作文进行了一次小的尝试,从尝试中笔者感受到了学生丰富的化学情感和奇妙的想象以及他们对化学的喜爱。     

Distribution of the neurokinin-1 receptor in equine intestinal smooth muscle

REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Tachykinins have profound effects on equine intestinal motility, but the distribution of the neurokinin receptors (NKRs) through which they act is unknown. This study reports the distribution of one of these receptors, the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), in smooth muscle throughout the equine intestinal tract. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the distribution of the NK1R, based upon mRNA expression, in smooth muscle of different regions of the equine intestinal tract. METHODS: Nine regions of the intestinal tract were sampled in 5 mature horses. Total RNA was isolated from smooth muscle and reverse transcribed; NK1R mRNA was then quantified using real-time PCR. RESULTS: NK1R mRNA was found at all levels of the sampled intestinal tract. The smooth muscle of the proximal small intestine and the ventral colon exhibited the highest level of NK1R mRNA expression in the equine intestinal tract. CONCLUSIONS: Tachykinins probably affect intestinal contractility and propulsion in the proximal small intestine and in the ventral colon.     

应用致敏SPA菌体提高CAV/CPV PCR检出率的研究

为消除粪便等病料中的PCR干扰物质 ,提高犬腺病毒与细小病毒 (CAV CPV)联合PCR检出率。根据免疫吸附的原理 ,应用CAV CPV高免血清致敏含A蛋白的金黄色葡萄球菌 ,制成致敏SPA菌体免疫吸附剂 ;以此免疫吸附提取粪便等病料中的CAV/CPV ,然后直接或经 3 5mol/LMgCl2 将所吸附病毒洗脱后再做PCR。结果 8份经电镜负染或HA/HI试验验证为阳性的粪便样品 ,如此处理后进行PCR检测 ,结果均为阳性 ;而直接取粪便离心后用上清进行PCR检测 ,结果均为阴性。表明该法可有效去除待检样品中的PCR干扰物质 ,提高PCR的检出率。     

饲料因素对鸡蛋风味的影响及其改善措施

随着畜牧业的快速发展,畜产品供应日益充裕,人们对畜产品的质量要求不断提高,其安全性、营养性及风味等逐渐成为消费者关注的热点。本文综述了形成鸡蛋风味的前体物质、影响鸡蛋风味的饲料因素及改善鸡蛋风味的措施,旨在为相关研究提供参考。