基于无人机航摄技术在土地整治项目中的应用研究

针对传统土地整治项目施工监管、后期监测效率不高的问题,本文通过低空无人机航摄和PhotoScan软件后期处理,对比生成的正射影像图和Google earth卫星图的分辨率和位置,发现该影像图能精准、高效的表征项目区影像数据变化,从而得到一种可用于土地整治项目各阶段动态观测的简单、快捷方法。     

梨三倍体新品种龙园洋红的选育

龙园洋红梨是梨三倍体新品种,亲本为56-520×乔玛,抗寒性强,短枝型.果实不规则长椭圆形,果形指数1.13,平均单果重185.5 g,每个果实平均2.5粒种子,种子小、不饱满,多畸形.果皮浅黄色,阳面有红晕,果肉乳白色,肉质细软多汁,风味甜,有香气,可溶性固形物16.05%.果实在哈尔滨地区9月中旬成熟.     

小麦远缘杂交后代节燕98-2分离类型贮藏蛋白的研究

采用A-PAGE和SDS-PAGE聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,对远缘组合分离出来的节燕98-2类型入选11个遗传性基本稳定的具有高产、多抗的小麦株系的醇溶蛋白和高分子量谷蛋白亚基进行了分析.结果表明,在A-PAGE电泳分析中,11个供试株系具有11种不同的醇溶蛋白带型.在SDS-FAGE电泳分析中,出现了7种不同的高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)及6种亚基组合类型,优质亚基及亚基组合所占的比例较少,品质评分偏低,其变幅为5～8分,平均为6.36分.但在所分析的材料中,出现了一个少见的特殊亚基:2 10 12.并研究了这些HMW-GS和组合频率及特点.11个株系中7个具有45 10优质亚基和2个具有2*亚基,它们可供小麦优质育种利用.研究表明,通过远缘杂交能够选育出具有高产、抗病和优质的小麦新材料.     

有机硒和维生素E对寿隐杂交鸡抗热应激性能的影响

通过向日粮中添加不同水平有机硒(0,0.15mg/kg)和维生素E(10,30,100IU/kg),测定热应激不同阶段试验鸡肝脏、肾脏及血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果表明,日粮中添加有机硒和维生素E可明显降低肝脏、肾脏及血清中MDA的含量(P<0.05),提高GSH-Px活性,增强机体的抗氧化能力,提高试验鸡的抗热应激性能。     

Aerial seed germination and morphological characteristics of juvenile seedlings in Commelina benghalensis L.

Seed germination, seedling emergence, and the morphological characteristics of juvenile seedlings of Commelina benghalensis L. were observed. For aerial seeds collected in September and October, seedling emergence peaked in April and June for large seeds and from June to August for small seeds, whereas seedling emergence for large seeds collected in November showed peaks in March and April under natural rainfall conditions, and in April and June under irrigation conditions. Seedlings from small seeds emerged intermittently over a longer period from April to August under both conditions. Aerial seeds of C. benghalensis germinated on wet filter paper on the second day after seeding (DAS) for large seeds and the fourth DAS for small seeds. The germination percentage for large seeds was higher than that for small seeds by the 14th DAS. The germination percentage for large aerial seeds showed no significant difference between light and dark conditions. However, the percentage for small aerial seeds was higher under light than under dark conditions. Seedlings from large aerial seeds emerged on the third DAS at 0–50 mm soil depths. The percentage of emergence at 0 and 1 mm soil depths increased until the 30th DAS, whereas those at soil depths of 5–50 mm showed no change after the 9th DAS. There was no emergence at a soil depth of 100 mm. Seedlings from small aerial seeds emerged on the 6th DAS at 0–1 mm soil depths, with the percentage increasing until the 30th DAS. Although seedlings at 5 and 10 mm soil depths also emerged on the 6th DAS, there was no change in the percentage after the 12th DAS. There was no emergence at soil depths of 20–100 mm. The hypocotyl and taenia (part of the cotyledon connected to the seed) in juvenile seedlings that emerged from soil depths of 50 mm were longer than those in seedlings emerging from a soil depth of 1 mm.     

内蒙古农牧交错带饲草资源饲用价值评价

对地处内蒙古农牧交错带的林西县饲草资源进行了营养成份分析及饲用价值评价,结果表明:苜蓿粗蛋白质含量高于灌木类及青贮玉米,其营养动态变化规律是随生育期的变化粗蛋白质含量呈下降趋势,粗纤维含量呈上升趋势,各种成份在茎叶中的含量也随生育期变化而变化;灌木类饲用植物粗蛋白质含量15.69%～18.48%,青贮玉米粗蛋白质含量7.64%～11.15%。     

Evaluation of the pattern of spray released from a moving multicopter

BACKGROUND

Multicopters are used for releasing particulates seeds, fertilizer and spray. Their low cost and high manoeuvrability make them attractive for spraying in steep terrain and areas where overspray is undesirable. This article describes a model of multicopter wake and its influence on particulate dispersion, which is computationally economical compared to many computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches, yet retains reasonable accuracy.

RESULTS

A model was successfully implemented in OpenFOAM . It features source terms for the rotor wash, Lagrangian particle tracking, an evaporation model, and a porous medium approach to model the effect of the ground vegetation. Predictions were validated against the field tests of Richardson et al. which used a DJI Agras MG-1 multicopter in three different flights with airspeeds of 3.2–4.9 m s⁻¹, ground speeds of 2.1–2.9 m s⁻¹ and cross-wind speeds of 0.04–2.2 m s⁻¹. The effective swath width (30% line separation) was predicted to within one standard deviation. Sensitivity to a rotor rotational speed, flight height, flight velocity, multicopter roll and yaw angles, surface roughness length, plant height and leaf density was checked.

CONCLUSION

In all flight trials, the modelled swath was closest to the experimentally obtained swath when the surface roughness of the fetch was equal to 0.5 m (bushes) and the rotational speed of all rotors was equal to 2475 rpm with 0.75R (0.2 m) tall plant canopy (grass) introduced to the model. The model showed acceptable validity for flight velocities of ≤2.8–5 m s⁻¹ when flight parameters can be approximately estimated. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

基于迁移学习的无人机影像耕地信息提取方法

随着精准农业技术的发展,对农作物用地信息快速、准确提取的需求越来越高。同时,无人机技术以其方便、高效、具有低空云下飞行能力等优势被广泛应用于自然资源的调查中。但无人机影像普遍光谱信息较为匮乏,因此很难准确、快速地提取出耕地信息。基于此,提出了一种利用迁移学习机制的耕地提取方法(TLCLE)。首先,利用深度卷积神经网络(DCNN)剔除线状地物(道路、田埂等),然后,通过引入迁移学习机制将DCNN特征训练过程中得到的特征提取方法迁移到耕地提取中,最后,将所提方法与利用易康(e Cognition)软件进行耕地提取(ECLE)结果进行对比。研究结果表明:对于实验影像1、2,TLCLE方法耕地提取总体精度分别为91.9%、88.1%,ECLE方法总体精度分别为90.3%、88.3%,2种方法提取精度相当,在保证耕地地块完整、连续性上TLCLE方法优于ECLE方法。     

几个粳稻不育系、恢复系产量性状配合力研究

新粳型不育系和恢复系是通过籼粳交或粳粳交的方式培育而成的中间型稳定品系,杂交组合的育性正常或接近正常。粳型不育系和恢复系配组,杂种F1的产量性状差异显著或极显著。组合9512A/R364、73A/R55、150A/R198、9512A/R2690、150A/R55,具有产量的正向超亲、超标优势,另一些组合呈显著或极显著的负向优势;本研究产量性状一般配合力好的不育系是中14A、辽150A、73A、9512A、9214A,恢复系是R198-2、R238、R46、C418、R364和花38;亲本的产量性状一般配合力和特殊配合力在不同性状的作用没有交叉。杂种优势的表现与双亲亲和力高低、配合力高低有明显的相关性。辽150A、9512A的超亲优势明显,R198、R55、R2690、R364、C204等恢复系具有较强的杂交优势。不育系对产量性状的作用显著大于恢复系。     

基于CNN-BiLSTM的棉花产量预测方法

针对传统的作物产量估算方法在模型泛化方面的不足及缺少时序特征和空间特征的问题,该研究以机采棉为研究对象,结合无人机遥感平台与深度学习技术对棉花进行多期遥感观测与估产。以棉花苗期、蕾期和花期的影像为时间序列数据集,构建基于卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Network,CNN）和双向长短期记忆（Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory,BiLSTM）的混合模型（CNN-BiLSTM）进行棉花产量预估,提高时间维度和空间维度方面的特征提取能力,并分别验证CNN和BiLSTM的性能以及不同网络深度对估产的影响。研究结果表明,CNN和BiLSTM深度分别为14和1的CNN14-BiLSTM模型准确率最高,对比单一结构的BiLSTM该模型决定系数从0.851提升至0.885,其均方根误差和平均绝对百分比误差也均明显下降,在2.3 m×2.3 m的样方内,结果分别为147.167 g和6.711%。该研究实现了基于时间序列的棉花产量估算,可为类似的作物产量估算提供参考。