玉米赤霉烯酮对小鼠血清性激素、脂肪因子及子宫结构的影响

4周龄雌性小鼠120只,随机分为4个处理组,每组30只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1～3组在基础日粮中分别添加50,100,150 mg/kg的玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)。饲喂20 d后,采集发情前期、发情期及产仔后次日小鼠血液,并测定血清性激素、脂肪因子水平。制备子宫石蜡切片,观察ZEA对子宫形态结构的影响。分娩后记录产仔数。结果显示:(1)发情前期,1组和3组子宫内膜增厚(P<0.01),3组子宫肌层增厚(P<0.05)。随着ZEA添加量的增加,子宫内膜的腺体增多,腺腔变大。P_4、LH水平随ZEA剂量增加而降低(P<0.01),低剂量ZEA使FSH水平降低(P<0.05),内脂素水平升高(P<0.01)。中、高剂量ZEA使E_2、LEP水平升高(P<0.01)。(2)发情期,中、高剂量ZEA使子宫内膜增厚(P<0.01),3个试验组均使子宫肌膜增厚(P<0.01)。随ZEA添加量的增加,E_2、LEP、内脂素水平均升高(P<0.01),P_4、FSH、LH水平均降低(P<0.01)。(3)产仔后期,中剂量ZEA组子宫腔闭合,腺腔变大。不同ZEA添加量均使E2水平升高(P<0.01),中剂量ZEA使FSH水平极显著降低(P<0.01)、LH水平降低(P<0.05),高剂量ZEA使LEP、内脂素水平升高(P<0.01)。(4)小鼠产仔数没有明显变化(P>0.05),但试验组均出现死胎。结果表明,ZEA能够引起雌性小鼠子宫形态结构变化,激素分泌紊乱,并出现死胎。ZEA通过增加脂肪沉积而影响动物生殖功能可能是其类雌激素样作用机制之一。     

脂肪组织的内分泌功能及其与肌肉组织间的分子信号联系

脂肪组织不仅是机体储存能量的主要场所,还是一个活跃的内分泌器官;骨骼肌同样也具有分泌活性物质的功能,能表达、合成和分泌多种生物信号分子。这些活性因子与许多重要的生理、病理过程有密切的关系。对脂肪组织的内分泌功能及其与肌肉组织间的分子信号联系进行了综述。     

脂肪组织的内分泌功能及其与肌肉组织间的分子信号联系

脂肪组织不仅是机体储存能量的主要场所,还是一个活跃的内分泌器官;骨骼肌同样也具有分泌活性物质的功能,能表达、合成和分泌多种生物信号分子。这些活性因子与许多重要的生理、病理过程有密切的关系。对脂肪组织的内分泌功能及其与肌肉组织间的分子信号联系进行了综述。     

Differences in adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative status in C57BL/6 and ApoE−/− mice fed high fat diet

Apolipoprotein E deficient (Apo E?/?) mice are more resistant to the development of obesity compared to C57BL/6 wild type mice. They also hold a high basal oxidative status due to the loss of antioxidant action of apolipoprotein E. Since obesity is also an inducer of inflammation, we studied the effect of high‐fat diet on obesity and oxidative stress in C57BL/6 and Apo E?/? mice for 9 weeks. The results confirmed that Apo E?/? mice fed high‐fat diet are more resistant to the increase of both body weight and adiposity compared to C57BL/6 mice. Despite this, Apo E?/? mice presented a higher basal oxidative stress that was enhanced by high‐fat diet. Macrophage infiltration, macrophage forming crown‐like structures and proinflammatory adipokines (interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were all higher in adipose tissue from Apo E?/? compared to C57BL/6 mice, regardless of diet type. In conclusion, although Apo E?/? mice are more resistant to becoming obese, they develop more severe adipose tissue inflammation companied by its consequences.     

泌乳初期奶牛相关脂肪因子及生理生化指标与脂肪肝的相关性

为探究泌乳初期奶牛血清脂肪因子及生理生化指标与脂肪肝的相关性,选取四川某规模化奶牛场1~4胎围产期奶牛64头,分别于产后第7、14天早饲前尾静脉采血,检测产后第14天奶牛血清谷草转氨酶、血糖、游离脂肪酸水平,根据脂肪肝判定公式判定是否发生脂肪肝,检测并分析血清脂肪因子及生理生化指标与肝功能指标和能量代谢指标之间的相关性。结果显示,脂肪肝奶牛血清瘦素、脂联素水平显著低于健康奶牛(P<0.05),TNF-α水平显著高于健康奶牛(P<0.05),IL-6水平差异不显著(P>0.05)。瘦素水平与血糖、白蛋白呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与游离脂肪酸、β-羟基丁酸、谷草转氨酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素、总蛋白呈显著负相关(P<0.05),提示泌乳初期奶牛能量负平衡是脂肪肝发生的重要原因。脂联素水平与游离脂肪酸、β-羟基丁酸、谷草转氨酶呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与总蛋白、白蛋白呈显著正相关(P<0.05),提示泌乳初期脂肪肝奶牛存在着明显的肝功能损伤与脂质代谢紊乱。TNF-α水平与总胆红素、直接胆红素、谷丙转氨酶呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与血糖、白蛋白呈显著负相关(P<0.05);IL-6水平与谷丙转氨酶呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与总蛋白、白蛋白呈显著负相关(P<0.05),提示泌乳初期脂肪肝奶牛存在着明显的炎性反应。血清瘦素与脂联素水平呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与TNF-α呈显著负相关(P<0.05);TNF-α与脂联素呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与IL-6呈显著正相关(P<0.05),提示泌乳初期脂肪肝奶牛存在着糖脂代谢调控紊乱。综上所述,泌乳初期奶牛能量负平衡导致体脂动员,使得奶牛血清脂联素和瘦素水平下降,造成大量脂质合成于肝脏,肝脏功能受损,诱发炎性反应,TNF-α与IL-6水平随之上升,进而导致奶牛脂肪肝的发生,脂联素、瘦素和TNF-α可作为预测产后奶牛脂肪肝发生的指标。     

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: mRNA abundance of adiponectin and its receptors,leptin and visfatin and of G‐protein coupled receptor 41 in five different fat depots from sheep

Adipose tissue (AT) expresses adipokines, which are involved in the regulation of energy expenditure, lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Visceral (v.c.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) depots largely differ concerning their metabolic characteristics as to the control of lipolysis and the sensitivity to insulin. The adipokines adiponectin, leptin and visfatin influence lipolysis and insulin sensitivity. Signalling by G‐protein coupled receptor 41 (GPR 41) stimulates leptin release via activation by short‐chain fatty acids. We hypothesized that the metabolic differences between v.c. and s.c. fat depots may also apply to the expression of adiponectin, its receptors, leptin, visfatin, insulin receptor (IR) and GPR 41. Therefore, we aimed to compare the mRNA expression of adiponectin, leptin and visfatin, of the adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (AdipoR1/2) and IR as well of GPR 41 between several s.c. and v.c. fat depots in sheep. Samples from 10 rams were collected at slaughter (40 kg BW) from three s.c. depots, i.e. close to sternum (s.c.S), close to withers (s.c.W), and at the base of tail (s.c.T), and from two v.c. depots, i.e. from perirenal (v.c.P) and omental (v.c.O) fat. The mRNAs of both adiponectin receptors, as well as IR and putative GPR 41, were higher expressed in v.c. fat than in s.c. fat (p ≤ 0.05). Leptin mRNA abundance was greater in s.c. than in v.c. fat (mean ± SEM: s.c.: 2.55 ± 0.81; v.c.: 0.66 ± 0.21) and also differed among the five separately measured fat depots. Our results show differences in mRNA abundance for leptin, AdipoR1 and R2, as well as for IR and GPR 41 in s.c. compared with v.c. fat, thus confirming the need for individual consideration of distinct fat depots, when aiming to characterize adipose functions in ruminants.     

断尾对兰州大尾羊生长性能、脂肪沉积分布和屠宰性能的影响

旨在观察断尾对兰州大尾羊生长性能、屠宰性能、脂肪沉积分布以及血清脂肪因子的影响,为通过脂肪沉积部位干预提高脂尾型绵羊生产效益提供参考。选择血缘清楚、体重接近的5日龄健康兰州大尾羊羔羊18只,随机分为对照组(C组)和试验组(T组),每组9只羔羊,试验组羔羊采用橡皮圈结扎法断尾。试验期间两组羊日粮相同,均饲喂全价配合饲料(精粗比为70∶30),自由饮水。试验期240 d。结果表明：1)兰州大尾羊羔羊断尾后的30 d内,断尾组羔羊日增重显著低于对照组(P<0.05);31～240 d各阶段两组试验羊日增重无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)断尾组羊的体重在断尾后的前3个阶段(断尾90 d内)显著低于对照组(P<0.05),随后各阶段两组试验羊的体重无显著差异(P>0.05);料重比在断尾后的61～90 d内,显著小于对照组(P<0.05),其余阶段和整个试验期差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)断尾后0～60 d内兰州大尾羊血清TNF-α较对照组显著升高(P<0.05),61～240 d断尾组羊血清中TNF-α浓度数值上一直高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>...