促进消费者粘性的绿色住宅技术属性创新:一个实证研究

以长春市绿色住宅消费者为调研对象,通过构建消费者重复消费绿色住宅理论模型来解释绿色住宅的技术设计属性如何影响消费者所感知的经济性、舒适性和实用性,从而促进绿色住宅消费者的粘性。搜集785份有效问卷对理论模型进行实证研究,结果表明:舒适性和实用性是影响消费者重复消费意愿的主要动机,且节能、节水和室内环境技术对于消费者的感知经济性、舒适性和实用性具有显著影响,而室内环境因素是绿色住宅技术设计最为重要的属性。本研究有助于改进绿色住宅的技术设计,以促进消费者的重复消费,进而增加消费者的粘性。     

The application of tannic acid to the elimination of egg stickiness at varied moments of the egg swelling process in pikeperch,Sander lucioperca (L.)

The aim of this article was to analyse the process of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca, egg swelling and to apply tannic acid to eliminate egg stickiness at different moments of the swelling process on artificially obtained eggs. The first experiment involved observation of egg swelling process and the second determined the effect of temperature (12, 14 and 16°C) on the egg swelling rate. The third experiment involved elimination of egg stickiness in a tannin solution (0.75 g L^?1) where eggs were submerged in a solution for 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 min – 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min following gamete activation. The results indicate that the pikeperch egg swelling process lasts 30 min. It was found that the temperature did not affect the process duration. The results of the third experiment showed that the effectiveness of tannic acid application in egg stickiness elimination increases with time. The best result was obtained in groups of eggs submerged for 1 and 2 min (86.5% and 80.5% of larvae were obtained respectively) 30 min following the gamete activation. The results presented in this study for the first time indicate the possibility of highly effective procedure of egg stickiness elimination with tannic acid in pikeperch aquaculture.     

利用硬度、脆性和黏着性对火腿肠等级的判别分析

 【目的】研究利用质构指标代替感官评分在火腿肠等级验证判别方面应用的可行性。【方法】利用质构分析(texture profile analysis, TPA)和感官评分法对不同等级火腿肠的硬度、黏着性和脆性进行评定,并用判别分析方法研究以感官评分和质构数据建立的判别函数判断火腿肠等级的能力。【结果】利用硬度、脆性和黏着性的感官评分和质构数据建立的火腿肠等级判别函数,对火腿肠等级的判别正确率分别为92.2%和100.0%;以进入模型的硬度感官得分(X1)、脆性感官得分(X2)和黏着性感官得分(X3)为基础,建立的特级(Y1)、优级(Y2)和普通级(Y3)火腿肠的Fisher线性判别函数为：Y1=6.548 X1+ 3.498 X2+ 7.525 X3﹣68.989,Y2=4.608 X1+ 2.652 X2+ 6.457 X3﹣44.049,Y3=3.162 X1+ 1.392 X2+ 3.459 X3﹣15.176;以进入模型的硬度值(X4)、脆性值(X5)和黏着性值(X6)为基础,建立的3个等级火腿肠的Fisher线性判别函数为：Y1=1.009 X4-0.255 X5-10.866 X6-3377.048, Y2=0.867 X4-0.233 X5-9.026 X6-2671.609, Y3=0.976 X4-0.244 X5-10.799 X6-3582.754,将待测样品的质构特性代入对应方程,根据分值大小判断其所属类别,哪个分值大就属于哪一类。【结论】仅从火腿肠的物理特性考虑,在判别火腿肠的等级时可以用质构指标取代感官评定。     

The use of tannic acid to remove adhesiveness from pikeperch, Sander lucioperca, eggs

The studies conducted in 2003–2004 focused on the possibilities of applying a tannic solution to remove adhesiveness from pikeperch eggs. Spawners were caught in Lake P?tnowskie (central Poland) and then transported to the Gos?awice Fish Farm. After initial selection, the fish were weighed, measured and stimulated with human chorionic gonadotropin. Gametes were obtained 5 days after the first injection. The weight and diameter of the eggs, and the commercial fecundity of individual females were determined. The eggs were fertilized with the dry method. After the addition of water, the eggs were mixed for 4 min, and then divided into 20 g portions. After determining the number of eggs in the various portions, the adhesiveness removal procedure was performed. Three concentrations of tannic acid solution (500, 1000, 1500 mg L^?1) and three exposure times (0.5, 2, 5 min) were applied. The eggs were incubated in Weiss jars. The studies indicated that both the solution concentration and the exposure time significantly (P<0.05) impacted pikeperch egg hardening, the degree of adhesive removal and embryo survival. The tannic acid solution concentration of ≤500 mg L^?1 applied for 0.5–2 min was not effective; the eggs clumped and it was impossible to separate them even with intensive mixing. Better results were obtained using higher tannic acid concentrations and/or by lengthening exposure time. The adhesiveness of pikeperch eggs disappeared completely after 5 min exposure to tannic acid solution concentrations of 500–1500 mg L^?1 or after 2 min exposure to solution concentrations of 1000–1500 mg L^?1. In these variants, the embryo survival rate to the eyed‐egg stage was 78.0–84.0% (2003) and 82.3–84.7% (2004). However, high tannic acid concentration had a negative impact on the pikeperch larvae hatching. The greatest decrease in survival rate was observed in groups exposed to a tannic acid solution of 1500 mg L^?1 for 2 and 5 min periods. Thus, the optimum method for removing pikeperch egg adhesiveness was to apply a solution of tannic acid at a concentration of 500 mg L^?1 for 5 min or 1000 mg L^?1 for 2–5 min.