几种胡敏酸还原容量的表征与比较

还原容量(RC)是衡量胡敏酸(HA)还原特性的重要指标。采用饱和H2振荡法和土壤溶液法对HA分别进行化学和微生物预处理,分别以硝酸铁(Fe(NO3)3)、柠檬酸铁(FeCit)作电子受体,测定了三种HA(上海巨枫SH,天津光复TJ,缙云山JY)的本底还原容量(NRC),化学还原容量(CRC),微生物还原容量(MRC)。对不同电子受体条件下、不同初始状态和不同种类的胡敏酸的RC进行比较。结果表明：三种HA中,以缙云山土壤提取的胡敏酸RC值最高,还原容量最大,分别为20.21?0.26mmolc mol-1C (NRC)、26.02?1.12mmolc mol-1C (CRC)和29.29?1.56mmolc mol-1C (MRC)。两种电子受体中,采用Fe(NO3)3得到的RC明显高于在FeCit条件下。另外,溶液态HA的RC明显高于固态。由此证明胡敏酸还原容量是一个相对量;其容量大小不仅和自身结构、性质有关,也受到HA初始形态和不同电子受体的影响。对比三个还原容量指标发现CRC和MRC显著大于NRC,而CRC和MRC之间无明确大小关系,因此用CRC来表征HA被微生物还原后的还原容量(MRC)还需作进一步验证。     

稻田甲烷代谢及其对电子受体的响应

稻田是主要的甲烷排放源之一,其代谢过程及减排策略研究日益受到关注.本文综述了稻田甲烷代谢及其对电子受体响应的最新研究进展.结果表明,稻田甲烷代谢过程因环境条件的改变具有明显的变异性;电子受体主要是通过对甲烷产生和氧化的综合影响,最终控制着土壤甲烷排放;施肥和水分管理均会调节电子受体对甲烷代谢过程的影响.     

杨树转化受体系统再生初步研究及卡那霉素敏感性测定

以欧关杨108为试材，对组培苗叶片、茎段进行初步的转化受体系统研究和对选择性抗生素卡那霉素的敏感性测定，为杨树的基因、转化及转化选择提供基础。通过实验认为，以叶片与茎段为转化受体材料，虽然茎段诱导率高于叶片，但叶片长势上要好于茎段，叶片诱导率能达到转化的要求；叶背不宜为受体材料，叶片伤口不宜过大；腋芽的存在与否，在诱导率上没差别，都可达100％，但腋芽有利茎段分化和分化芽的生长。从多个角度来分析用于筛选转化苗的卡那霉素下限浓度，以叶片为转化受体时，为30mg／L；以茎段为转化受体时，为50mg／L；生根阶段，下限为30mg／L。     

同步发情对奶牛冷冻胚胎移植受体牛妊娠率的影响

[目的]探讨提高奶牛冷冻胚胎移植妊娠率方法。[方法]对比1次、2次同步发情奶牛冷冻胚胎移植受体母牛的试验妊娠率。[结果]1次、2次同步发情胚胎移植妊娠率分别为44.45%和70.73%。[结论]同步发情对胚胎移植妊娠率有很大影响,2次同步发情可显著提高奶牛冷冻胚胎移植妊娠率。     

Demonstration of two different H2-oxidizing activities in soil using an H2 consumption and a tritium exchange assay

H₂-oxidizing activities were assayed in slurries of four soils by measuring the consumption of H₂ and the exchange of ³H₂ with H₂O at increasing mixing ratios of H₂ or ³H₂. Both H₂ consumption and ³H₂ exchange were abolished by autoclaving or the addition of formaldehyde. The rates of H₂ consumption and ³H₂ exchange were proportional to the quantity of soil used. Both activities increased with increasing concentrations of H₂ or ³H₂ and displayed biphasic kinetics, demonstrating the existence of two different H₂-oxidizing activities, one with a relatively low K _m and V _max, and a second with a relatively high K _m und V _max. The first type of activity was characteristic of abiontic soil hydrogenases, and the second of aerobic H₂-oxidizing bacteria. In contrast to H₂ consumption, which required the presence of either O₂ or ferricyanide, ³H₂ exchange operated equally well without an external electron acceptor. The ³H₂ exchange assay may thus be particularly useful for enrichment of soil hydrogenases which have not yet been isolated and for which no natural electron acceptor is known.     

受体阻断剂改善家兔急性脑缺血的研究

利用家兔制备急件不完全世脑缺血模型，选择Ｒｅｇｉｔｉｎｅ作为α－子体阻断剂，通过静脉给药，旨在探寻临床急性脑缺血状态下改善脑血流量的救治方法。结果表明，静注Ｒｅｇｉｔｉｎｅ后，可使脑血管迅速舒张，脑血流量有效增加，平均动脉压可稳定在一定水平，心电图ＳＴ段和心率无显著改变。     

Establishment of transgenic acceptor and transformation of barnase gene by particle gun in maize inbred line 18–599 (white)

The efficient acceptors for maize transgenic engineering are currently insufficient in China. Seed production by male sterility is the best method for advancing the authenticity of maize hybrid. Maize inbred line 18–599 (white) is an antivirus high-quality maize inbred line in China, which has been used for lots of maize hybrid cultivars. The establishment of high efficiency transgenic acceptors is necessary for advancing the transgenic efficiency in maize transformation work. In this study, the efficient transgenic acceptors were optimized and established. 18–599 (white) was studied in state, types of culture mediums, times of callus regeneration and concentration of the screening reagent, Basta. The results showed that N6-4 medium was the best in 8 types of mediums for the immature embryo of 18–599 (white), 1.6 mm length was the feasible length of immature embryos for tissue culture in establishing the transgenic acceptor system, and it was within 5 times for suitable callus subculture. With the optimized transgenic acceptors, barnase gene was translated successfully into 18–599 (white) by a particle gun using bar as a marker gene. Basta was used as the screening reagent, its lethal concentration was 8 mg·L⁻¹ and its working concentration for screening was 6, 8 and 6 mg·L⁻¹ in 3 turns for callus regeneration, respectively. In this work, a transgenic plant with male sterility was obtained through molecule detection and observation in the field. The result has an important significance for the creation of new male sterility inbred lines in maize in the future. __________ Translated from Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2007, 33(5): 738–743 [译自: 作物学报]     

菊苣农杆菌介导转化受体系统的研究(简报)

对影响菊苣转化受体系统几种重要因素进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明,采用菊苣叶片、茎段作为外植体,在MS 6-BA 1.5 mg/L IBA 0.2 mg/L培养基上,再生频率达100%,农杆菌菌株LBA4404介导菊苣遗传转化体系中,经生根后20~25 d的叶片,遗传转化效果最佳。共培养2 d,同时附加20~25 mg/L卡那霉素和500~600mg/L头孢霉素,转化频率由1.5%提高到7.1%左右。     

普通小麦基因枪转化高效受体系统的建立

以小麦幼胚愈伤组织为转化受体,以植物表达载体质粒pROK2为外源DNA,以蔗糖和甘露醇为渗透剂,研究了愈伤组织生长状态、渗透剂种类及其处理时间和浓度对基因枪转化效率的影响。结果表明,在采用基因枪轰击法对小麦幼胚愈伤组织进行转化的体系中,受体愈伤的最佳发育阶段为胚性启动前期;高渗处理可以使基因枪转化频率得到明显提高,但处理时间过长对愈伤组织的增殖和分化又有明显的抑制作用,用蔗糖进行高渗处理对愈伤组织生长及再生的抑制作用较用甘露醇弱;用0.6 mol/L蔗糖和0.5 mol/L甘露醇分别在轰击前6 h和轰击后18 h进行高渗处理转化效果均最佳。文章建立了高效蔗糖高渗基因枪转化受体系统。     

Electron-acceptor utilization and methanogenesis in brackish aquaculture sludge

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of sulfate-rich brackish aquaculture sludge (BAS) is an effective method to reduce negative environmental impact and produce biogas. However, the mechanisms of electron-acceptor utilization during AD of BAS, and the effects of elevated sulfate, nitrate and nitrite levels on biogas production, have never been investigated. The current study is the first to demonstrate the mechanisms of electron-acceptor utilization in BAS under methanogenic conditions. Nitrate, nitrite and iron were almost completely depleted during the first day of AD, and methane production began only when these electron acceptors were removed. In contrast, sulfate reduction also started immediately, but took 15–28 d, dependent on the treatment, and largely coincided with methane production. The volume of produced biogas, the lag phase for methane production and methane content in the biogas were affected by the inhibition of sulfate reduction and by the increase in nitrate and nitrite concentrations. However, the average methane-production rates in all treatments were similar. Our data suggest that methanogenesis in BAS under naturally high sulfate levels results in the highest possible methane-producing capability of the system; no additional manipulations are required to further increase methane production, suggesting the robustness of AD of BAS under the currently reported conditions.