民国初年中国无政府主义自由观剖析

20世纪中国无政府主义者的绝对自由理念,是在对政府、社会、法律的消解过程中建立的,这种建构模式所内含的现实批判因素挤占了学理的创造空间,而无政府主义思想中的卢梭资源又将他们带向终极革命的道路,从追求绝对自由一个极端走向了绝对专制的另一极端,自由成为中国知识分子的乌托邦.     

不同浓度乙醇对蜂胶中的铅提取效果的研究

采用不同浓度的乙醇90％、85％、80％、75％、70％、65％、50％，对蜂胶的有效成分进行提取，测定其提取液和残渣中的铅含量，并计算其提取率。结果表明：随乙醇浓度的上升，提取率及提取液中的铅含量增高。其中乙醇浓度为75％、70％和65％的蜂胶提取液中的铅含量均小于1ppm，符合我国食品卫生法关于食品中的铅含量不得超过1ppm的规定。     

Ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. modulates pseudorabies virus-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells via the nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection leads to severe inflammatory responses and tissue damage, and many natural herbs exhibit protective effects against viral infection by modulating the inflammatory response. An ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. (FEA) was prepared through ethanol extraction and ethyl acetate fractional extraction. An inflammatory model was established in RAW264.7 cells with PRV infection to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of FEA by measuring cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Its functional mechanism was investigated by analyzing the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of key proteins in the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Our findings indicate that PRV induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells, and the responses were similar to that in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. FEA significantly suppressed NO synthesis and down-regulated both expression and secretion of COX-2, iNOS, and inflammatory cytokines (P<0.05 or P<0.01). FEA also reduced NF-κB p65 translocation into the nucleus and decreased MAPK phosphorylation, indicating that the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway may be closely related to the inflammatory response during viral infection. The findings suggested the potential pharmaceutical application of FEA as a natural product that can treat viral infections due to its ability to mitigate inflammatory responses.     

斑茅纤维降解生产燃料酒精的发酵工艺研究

以能源植物斑茅纤维为原料,探讨纤维素糖化液生产燃料酒精的发酵工艺研究,分析了时间、温度、pH、氮源种类、酵母膏用量与酵母用量等因素对斑茅纤维素酒精发酵的影响。结果表明:反应时间72~96h,温度35℃,pH4.8~5.2,酵母膏氮源用量0.8%~1.0%,酵母用量10%~15%时斑茅纤维糖化液的酒精发酵效果最好。通过正交试验确定了最佳发酵条件:时间84h、温度35℃、酵母膏用量1.2%、酵母用量20%,发酵验证酒精值达4.6%(V/V),酒精得率32.62%。     

广藿香中PTS基因不同时间点的表达分析

利用荧光定量PCR技术,分析1天中8个时间点广藿香叶片百秋李醇合成酶基因的表达情况。结果表明,6∶00,9∶00,12∶00和15∶00时间点的PTS基因表达量较低,0∶00,3∶00,18∶00和21∶00的表达量均显著高于前4个时间点,其中,时间点3∶00的表达量最高,表明PTS基因的转录从夜间开始积累,黎明前达到最高峰,之后转录水平逐渐下降。     

超高效液相色谱法测定饲料中斑蝥黄和β-阿朴-8’-胡萝卜素酸乙酯含量方法的研究

为有效快速测定饲料中斑蝥黄和β-阿朴-8’-胡萝卜素酸乙酯含量,饲料经甲醇、正己烷和乙酸乙酯混合液萃取后,在氮气保护下浓缩,用甲基叔丁基醚-乙腈溶液复溶,注入超高效液相色谱仪中进行测定。结果表明:斑蝥黄浓度为1.25~10.0μg/mL,β-阿朴-8’-胡萝卜素酸乙酯为2.50~20.0μg/mL线性关系良好;斑蝥黄和β-阿朴-8’-胡萝卜素酸乙酯的检测限为0.06 mg/kg,定量限为0.20 mg/kg。斑蝥黄5个添加水平的平均回收率为72.8%~82.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.41%~1.06%;β-阿朴-8’-胡萝卜素酸乙酯5个添加水平的平均回收率为72.0%~82.8%,RSD为0.46%~1.41%。说明该方法简便、快速、灵敏度高、准确度好,适用于测定饲料中斑蝥黄和β-阿朴-8’-胡萝卜素酸乙酯含量。     

生物质能源作物——能源甜菜的开发利用

随着全世界能源物质的不断扩展,可再生的生物质能源将是21世纪主要的能源物质。能源甜菜是新兴的可再生能源作物,它具有生物学产量高,乙醇转化率高,含糖量适中等特点,是取之不尽、用之不竭的环保能源,对环境几乎没有污染;同时又是糖饲兼收的作物。利用能源甜菜通过酒精发酵创造乙醇燃料新能源,可以减轻或消除与粮食争地的矛盾,是保证粮食安全和能源安全的双赢举措。     

计算机图解适线法

该文编制的计算机图解适线法程序,对于总体为皮尔逊Ⅲ型分布的样本系列,能够利用计算机屏幕(或绘图仪)目估适线。主要计算结果为适线法确定的参数X、CV和CS,以及任何指定频率的设计值XP。     

EMS诱变水稻创制抗咪唑啉酮除草剂种质

为了创制水稻非转基因抗除草剂种质,丰富我国水稻轻简化栽培杂草防治所需的配套种质资源,本研究以0.5％(w/v)甲磺酸乙酯(EMS)水溶液诱变水稻种子14 h,然后以咪唑啉酮类除草剂筛选3 ～4叶期的M2水稻幼苗.结果发现,M2幼苗茎叶喷雾160 mg·L-1甲咪唑烟酸15 d后,非抗性苗黄化、生长被抑制甚至枯死,抗性苗...