中国丝绸产业国际竞争力研究

采用显示性竞争优势指数法(CompetitiveAdvantage,CA),结合翔实的数据,对中国丝绸产业的国际竞争力进行较为全面的实证分析,分析结果表明中国的丝绸国际竞争力呈直线下降的趋势。笔者认为影响中国丝绸产业国际竞争力的主要因素为:(1)产品质量与世界先进水平仍然存在着较大的差距;(2)中国的茧丝绸管理体制不适应市场经济的要求,严重的阻碍了中国丝绸国际竞争力的发展;(3)行业法规迟迟不能出台,宏观调控能力乏力;(4)中国的品牌效应在中国仍然没有真正形成;等。笔者还进一步就提高中国丝绸产业的国际竞争力的提出自己的建议:(1)改革和理顺宏观管理体制;(2)加快茧丝绸行业法规制定,加强行业管理的权威性,加大宏观调控的力度;(3)加大中国的科技投入,争取实现各项关键技术的重大突破;(4)进一步巩固“东桑西移”产业布局调整的成果,加快促进产业升级和技术进步;(5)加大对丝绸产品的宣传力度,尽快开发中国的丝绸市场;(6)进一步宣传和实施中国的高档丝绸标志的品牌战略,提高中国丝绸品牌的知名度。     

铅、镉和铬在叶类蔬菜中的累积及对其生长的影响

 研究结果表明: 重金属元素铅(Pb) 、镉(Cd) 、铬(Cr) 对几种叶类蔬菜生长和产量都有明显的影响, 且其影响因蔬菜种类、元素种类和浓度的不同而有很大差异, 叶用莴苣> 苋菜> 芥菜> 菜薹>蕹菜, Cr > Cd > Pb ; 不同蔬菜类型可食部位积累重金属元素的顺序为苋菜> 叶用莴苣> 菜薹> 蕹菜> 芥菜;各元素从营养液向蔬菜体内转移的迁移累积率顺序为Cd > Cr > Pb。随着各元素浓度的增大, 对蔬菜生长的影响和其可食部分的富集量随之加大。     

小兴安岭生态旅游产业转型中政府行为研究

立足小兴安岭生态旅游产业发展现状,分析政府"失当"行为带来的负面影响,提出推进生态旅游产业发展的对策,旨在通过政府行为的积极引导和支持,推动小兴安岭特色生态旅游的快速发展,进而更好地实现小兴安岭生态旅游产业转型。     

Sewage sludge processing determines its impact on soil microbial community structure and function

Composting and thermal drying are amongst the most commonly used post-digestion processes for allowing sanitation and biological stabilization of sewage sludge from municipal treatment plants, and making it suitable as soil conditioner for use in agriculture. To assess the impact of sludge-derived materials on soil microbial properties, fresh (LAF), composted (LAC) and thermally dried (LAT) sludge fractions, each resulting from a different post-treatment process of a same aerobically digested sewage sludge, were added at 1% (w/w) application rate on two contrasting (a loam and a loamy sand) soils and incubated under laboratory conditions for 28 days. Soil respiration, microbial ATP content, hydrolytic activities and arginine ammonification rate were monitored throughout the incubation period. Results showed that soil biochemical variables, including the metabolic quotient (qCO₂), were markedly stimulated after sludge application, and the magnitude of this stimulatory effect was dependent on sludge type (precisely LAT > LAF > LAC), but not on soil type. This effect was related to the content of stable organic matter, which was lower in LAT. Genetic fingerprinting by PCR–DGGE revealed that compositional shifts of soil bacterial and, at greater extent, actinobacterial communities were responsive to the amendment with a differing sludge fraction. The observed time-dependent changes in the DGGE profiles of amended soils reflected the microbial turnover dependent on the sludge nutrient input, whereas no indications of adverse effects of sludge-borne contaminants were noted. Our findings indicate that composting rather thermal drying can represent a more appropriate post-digestion process to make sewage sludge suitable for use as soil conditioner in agriculture.     

牧草产业是我国家兔产业可持续发展的重要支撑

针对我国家兔规模化养殖的快速发展,牧草作为家兔生产主要饲料原料来源,供需矛盾日益突出。本文重点从家兔消化生理特点、兔产品安全生产、农民增收、需求现状与问题等方面进行了论述,并提出了相应对策。     

Community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Robinia pseudoacacia in uncontaminated and heavy metal contaminated soils

The significance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil remediation has been widely recognized because of their ability to promote plant growth and increase phytoremediation efficiency in heavy metal (HM) polluted soils by improving plant nutrient absorption and by influencing the fate of the metals in the plant and soil. However, the symbiotic functions of AMF in remediation of polluted soils depend on plant–fungus–soil combinations and are greatly influenced by environmental conditions. To better understand the adaptation of plants and the related mycorrhizae to extreme environmental conditions, AMF colonization, spore density and community structure were analyzed in roots or rhizosphere soils of Robinia pseudoacacia. Mycorrhization was compared between uncontaminated soil and heavy metal contaminated soil from a lead–zinc mining region of northwest China. Samples were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) screening with AMF-specific primers (NS31 and AM1), and sequencing of rRNA small subunit (SSU). The phylogenetic analysis revealed 28 AMF group types, including six AMF families: Glomeraceae, Claroideoglomeraceae, Diversisporaceae, Acaulosporaceae, Pacisporaceae, and Gigasporaceae. Of all AMF group types, six (21%) were detected based on spore samples alone, four (14%) based on root samples alone, and five (18%) based on samples from root, soil and spore. Glo9 (Rhizophagus intraradices), Glo17 (Funneliformis mosseae) and Acau3 (Acaulospora sp.) were the three most abundant AMF group types in the current study. Soil Pb and Zn concentrations, pH, organic matter content, and phosphorus levels all showed significant correlations with the AMF species compositions in root and soil samples. Overall, the uncontaminated sites had higher species diversity than sites with heavy metal contamination. The study highlights the effects of different soil chemical parameters on AMF colonization, spore density and community structure in contaminated and uncontaminated sites. The tolerant AMF species isolated and identified from this study have potential for application in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated areas.     

海南省益智产业发展优势、存在问题与对策

为促进海南省益智(Alpinia oxyphylla Miq.)产业的可持续发展,更好地发挥其对地区经济的推动作用,对海南益智产业发展现状开展了调查。分析发现海南益智产业具有资源比较优势明显、市场潜力巨大、产业基础良好等发展潜力和优势,是海南经济结构调整和精准扶贫的首选。指出了海南益智产业发展中存在种苗、种植、品质、市场风险等问题,提出了加强育种、规范化栽培、功能成分提取和产品开发研究,制定相关标准,健全组织保障和资金保障体系,加强市场营销,打响品牌知名度等建议。此研究可为海南益智产业发展提供参考。     

重型轮式拖拉机燃油箱设计要点

重型轮式拖拉机通常采用滚塑燃油箱,能充分利用拖拉机侧方的空间,增大燃油箱容积,满足此种拖拉机农忙时较长时间工作的要求。燃油箱外形必须根据拖拉机整机结构和燃油箱周边零件外形进行设计,外形设计还需要考虑燃油箱自身强度和热膨胀的因素。加油口、通气孔、联通口和转角设计等设计细节也决定着燃油箱的设计质量。     

广西矿区大气沉降与稻米重金累积的关系分析(英文)

笔者就大气沉降的概念、来源及其危害作了简要的概述,并对广西矿区大气沉降与稻米重金属累积的关系作简要分析,以期对广西矿区重金属沉降污染实施有效的风险预警,确保稻米安全生产提供参考。     

工业4.0时代家具产业的制造模式

"工业4.0"是以智能制造为主导的"第四次工业革命",现已被认为是全球制造业未来发展的方向,即"工业4.0时代"。目前,中国经济已经进入新常态,其经济增长将更加看重创新。因此,以"工业4.0"和"互联网+"为主旋律的创新驱动将成为传统产业转型升级和经济发展的动力。笔者主要概述了"工业4.0"、"互联网+"、"中国制造2025"、家具产业制造模式等方面内容,同时指出了家具产业作为传统制造业,应该立足于坚实的工业基础,借鉴"工业4.0"的战略思维,积极探索"制造业+互联网",使家具产业借助于"互联网+"实现素质提升和转型升级。