Molecular comparisons amongst wheat bymovirus isolates from Asia, North America and Europe

To study the variation between wheat bymovirus isolates and to resolve uncertainties about the identity of the virus in some countries, leaves of infected plants were obtained from nine sites in China and from one each in Italy, Germany, USA and Canada. The German isolate was obtained from rye and the Canadian isolate was the type strain of wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV). In RT-PCR, using primers designed from a partial sequence of a French isolate (tentatively described as WSSMV), genome fragments were obtained from the Italian and the French isolates but not from the Chinese ones. Conversely, products were consistently obtained from the Chinese isolates, but not from the Italian or French ones, when primers were designed from the sequence of a Japanese isolate of wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV). Nucleotide sequences were obtained from regions at or near the 3'-terminus of RNA1 of six Chinese isolates and the four from Europe and North America, usually including the coat protein. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparisons demonstrated that the European and North American isolates were extremely similar and were therefore WSSMV, while the Chinese isolates were close to the Japanese isolate and were thus WYMV.     

Characterization of the Q.Ymym region on wheat chromosome 2D associated with wheat yellow mosaic virus resistance

Yellow mosaic disease, caused by wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), is one of the most serious diseases of winter wheat in Japan and China. A single major QTL for WYMV resistance in the Japanese wheat variety 'Yumechikara', designated Q.Ymym, has been mapped on a 43.6 cM linkage block between the two markers Xcfd233 and Xgwm349 on chromosome 2D. We were able to obtain two recombinants within the block, which facilitated reducing the size of the linkage block. The pseudomolecule sequence of 'Chinese Spring' (CS) indicated that the original Q.Ymym region of 43.6 cM corresponded to 68.5 Mb and the narrowed Q.Ymym region represents a size of 27.3 Mb. The sequence features of the Q.Ymym region were unique in comparison with CS sequences, which may have led to the low recombination rate within the block. The Q.Ymym haplotype block was detected in other WYMV-resistant varieties but not in the susceptible varieties used in this study. The unique sequence structure of the Q.Ymym region allowed the development of co-dominant markers for use in marker-assisted selection.     

Identification and validation of a quantitative trait locus associated with wheat yellow mosaic virus pathotype I resistance in a Japanese wheat variety

Yellow mosaic disease, caused by wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), is one of the most serious diseases of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Japan. The three pathotypes of WYMV are distributed in different geographical areas: pathotype I is found mainly in western and central Japan (Kanto), pathotype II in northern Japan (Tohoku and Hokkaido) and pathotype III on the southern island of Japan (Kyushu). A total of 246 doubled‐haploid (DH) lines, derived from a cross between ‘Yumechikara’ (resistant) and ‘Kitahonami’ (susceptible), were evaluated for 2 years for their resistance to WYMV pathotype I. A single major quantitative trait locus, Q.Ymym, mapping to chromosome 2D was associated with resistance to pathotype I in ‘Yumechikara’. This is the first time a QTL responsible for pathotype I resistance has been identified. Fine mapping of Q.Ymym indicated that it was on a tight linkage block originating from ‘Yumechikara’, and the markers associated with this block will accelerate the development of varieties resistant to WYMV pathotype I.     

小麦对黄花叶病的抗性鉴定及典型品种的遗传分析

 本研究针对来自江苏、河南、四川、湖北、日本和美国的37个小麦品种,在进行小麦抗黄花叶病的抗病性鉴定、调查的基础上,结合分子生物学检测(RT-PCR和ELISA),证实小麦品种扬辐9311对小麦黄花叶病毒(WYMV)表现免疫。将该品种与表现高感的小麦品种进行杂交和回交,通过对其后代抗感分离的调查与分析,确定了小麦品种扬辐9311对黄花叶病的抗性受一对显性基因控制,并为寻找小麦抗黄花叶病基因的分子标记提供理论依据和实验材料。同时,本文对小麦抗黄花叶病表现的影响因素及宁麦9号的抗病性进行了分析和讨论。     

Genome-wide identification and analysis of the regulation wheat DnaJ family genes following wheat yellow mosaic virus infection

The co-chaperone DnaJ plays an important role in protein folding and regulation of various physiological activities, and participates in several pathological processes. DnaJ has been extensively studied in many species including humans,drosophila, mushrooms, tomatoes, and Arabidopsis. However, few studies have examined the role of DnaJ in wheat(Triticum aestivum), and the interaction mechanism between TaDnaJs and plant viruses. Here, we identified 236 TaDnaJs and performed a comprehensive genome...     

小麦黄花叶病毒P3蛋白致病功能域的鉴定和分析

小麦黄花叶病毒(Wheat yellow mosaic virus,WYMV)隶属于马铃薯Y病毒科(Potyviridae)大麦黄花叶病毒属(Bymovirus),其基因组由两条正义单链RNA组成,共编码10个蛋白。先前的研究表明,马铃薯Y病毒组多种病毒编码的保守蛋白P3具有多种功能,在病毒复制、致病性、克服宿主抗性、细胞间移动等方面均具有重要作用,而P3在大麦黄花叶病毒属中是否有类似功能目前还未见报道。本研究利用烟草脆裂病毒(Tobacco rattle virus,TRV)介导的本氏烟基因沉默系统,明确了WYMV的P3碳端在本氏烟上具有致病功能域P3-C,但完整的P3则不具有致病能力。进一步移码突变研究表明,P3-C的致病性是由其编码的多肽引起的,而非病毒来源的小干扰RNA介导的宿主基因沉默。同时P3-C的两个跨膜结构域对致病性具有重要作用,单独表达任何一个跨膜结构域P3-C均不能在本氏烟上引起明显症状。     

小麦黄花叶病对镇麦系列品种致病力研究

测定了来源苏州、江宁、兴化、宜兴和六合共五个地区的小麦黄花叶病病土对镇麦5号、6号、镇麦168、镇麦8号和镇麦9号等镇麦系列品种的致病性。结果表明:镇麦系列品种在不同的病土中发病程度不同;同一品种,对有的地区病土的小麦黄花叶病病毒表现为抗性,而对其他来源的黄花叶病病毒表现感病,不同来源的小麦黄花叶病毒和品种间存在互作效应。建议在小麦新品种审定时,在对黄花叶病的抗性进行鉴定的过程中,考虑品种在不同病土中的发病差异。     

寡糖·链蛋白对小麦抗黄花叶病毒的免疫诱抗作用

【目的】激发子可以诱导寄主植物的系统获得抗病性,具有有效性、持久性和广谱性的特点。研究旨在明确新型激发子寡糖·链蛋白(oligosaccharins·plant activator protein)对小麦黄花叶病毒(Wheat yellow mosaic virus,WYMV)的免疫诱抗作用,为该激发子的研究和大面积推广应用提供技术支撑。【方法】选用小麦黄花叶病感病品种‘矮抗58’,在室内将消毒的小麦种子播种于自感病田带回的病土中,在(27±2)℃下培养。5叶期叶面喷施稀释1 000倍的6%寡糖·链蛋白。喷施7 d后,将麦苗置于(12±1)℃培养箱中接种培养。30 d后取出麦苗,分别测量小麦株高和叶片的叶绿素含量,计算病情指数和防治效果。在田间,同品种小麦种植于小麦黄花叶病常发地块,小麦返青后每周喷施1次6%寡糖·链蛋白,连续喷施3次。每周测量小麦株高和叶绿素含量,计算病情指数和防治效果。并于调查期间,每小区取20片植株最上部第一片完全展开的叶片,通过q PCR检测小麦植株内WYMV-CP基因拷贝数。在小麦收获时测定千粒重和穗粒数,测算产量。【结果】低温培养30 d后,经寡糖·链蛋白喷施处理的小麦较对照组的株高没有显著差异,但叶绿素含量则明显高于对照组(P0.05);同时处理组的病情指数较对照组明显降低,防治效果达到63.32%。田间经寡糖·链蛋白处理后,小麦株高和叶绿素含量较对照没有显著差异。小麦返青期,喷施1周后病情指数与对照没有显著变化;而2周后病情指数显著降低,防治效果可达46.67%。小麦收获时调查发现,经寡糖·链蛋白处理后小麦穗粒数显著高于对照组(P0.05),小麦产量明显升高(P0.05)。病株内WYMY-CP基因拷贝数在喷施1周后抑制率达到69.30%,2周后达到85.50%,3周后最高达到99.20%。【结论】寡糖·链蛋白可诱导小麦植株对小麦黄花叶病毒的抗性,显著降低小麦植株内WYMV-CP基因拷贝数;在田间可以减轻小麦黄花叶病的危害,减少产量损失。     

小麦黄色花叶病毒RNA2自然缺失突变体的筛选和定位分析

许多真菌介体传播的病毒在机械接种过程中易于发生自然缺失。利用在小麦上连续机械接种WYMV的方法,自第27代起,利用RT-PCR和Northern blot方法在感病小麦中检测到一个WYMV RNA2的缺失突变株,序列分析发现缺失区域位于RNA2的214~2 808 nt,共计2 595 nt,并在缺失区域的两端存在7个碱基的反向互补序列。缺失区域上游紧邻这7个碱基双链区存在一富含AU的短序列,并据此对此D-RNA2的缺失机制进行了讨论。     

我国真菌传大小麦病毒病的地理分布

作者于1990～1995年调查我国大、小麦各生态区,共计20个省、市、区,116个县、市的大麦黄花叶病、小麦黄花叶病(小麦梭条斑花叶病)和小麦土传花叶病的分布区域。结果表明,3种真菌传病毒病其分布仅限于冬麦区。大麦黄花叶病主要集中分布在长江三角洲、钱塘江流域和东部沿海。小麦黄花叶病主要分布于长江中、下游及其支流大渡河、青衣江,黄河中、下游及其支流渭河流域、淮河流域。小麦土传花叶病仅局部冬麦区发生,与小麦黄花叶病混合并发。3种病害的分布范围为北纬28～37°50′东经102～122°40′之间。