鲤鱼饲料添加剂的研究

根据鲤鱼的基本营养需求，确定基础饲料（蛋白质，脂肪，碳水化合物）配方后，对１２种无机盐和１２种维生素用数理统计正交试验，设计三个水平Ｌ２７（３＾１３），求出它们的电佳添加量，从而得出符合鲤鱼生理需求的无机盐，维生素综合配方－ＧＳ８９１添加剂。该添加剂经生产规模试验（池塘养鲤，水库网箱养鲤）证实，具有明显的促生长和节约饲料的功效。同期对比，增重率提高３０％以上，饲料系数降低７．９％以上。     

Investigations into the thiamine and riboflavin content of malt and the effects of malting and roasting on their final content

A simple and effective method for the analysis of thiamine (B₁) and riboflavin (B₂) vitamers, in unmalted and malted grains, by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed. This method makes use of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) as an extraction medium to effectively clean up the sample and analyze the vitamer content with high accuracy (R² > 0.9992; %RSD < 5%). This method was employed in the routine analysis of a wide range of malted and unmalted grains, and it was found that lighter colored malts contain higher concentrations (2–5 times higher) of thiamine and riboflavin vitamers compared to darker colored malts. The malting process has no effect on the overall riboflavin content; however, both steeping and kilning processes cause increases in thiamine vitamer content. Roasting profiles show that thiamine and riboflavin vitamer concentrations are significantly effected when the temperature reaches 120 °C, which explains why roasted products have lower vitamer content than paler malts.     

刺参不同部位中主要营养成分分析与评价

本文对刺参不同部位(体肇、肠和卵)中的主要营养成分进行了研究.结果表明:刺参属于高蛋白质食品,且肠和卵的蛋白质含量高于体壁;富含人体所必需的铜、铁、锰、锌等元素,这些元素更易在肠中富集;δ-维生素E在刺参中含量丰富,以肠中最高;体壁中酸性粘多糖含量较高,为5.03%;氨基酸组成全面,鲜昧氨基酸的含量丰富,体壁中羟脯氨酸含量很高,为4.20%,是动物胶原蛋白的主要成分;鉴定出23种脂肪酸,必需脂肪酸含量高,尤其C20:5 n3(EPA)在肠中高达16.06%.因此.刺参具有较高的营养价值和一定的药用价值.[动物营养学报,2010,22(1):212-220][中文全文见<动物营养学报>网站(www.china.JAN.com)中文版2010年22卷1期]     

Molecular genetic approaches to increasing mineral availability and vitamin content of cereals

The present paper summarizes the current state of knowledge on molecular genetic approaches to increasing iron and zinc availability and vitamin content in cereals. We have also attempted to integrate the scientific issues into the wider context of human nutrition. In the cereal grain, iron and zinc are preferentially stored together with phytate in membrane-enclosed globoids in the protein storage vacuole (PSV) found in the aleurone and the embryo scutellum. The PSV is accordingly central for understanding mineral deposition during grain filling and mobilization of minerals during germination. Recent studies in Arabidopsis have led to the first identification of iron and zinc transporters of the PSV and further illustrate some of the dynamics associated with mineral and phytate transport and deposition into the vacuole. This provides new opportunities for modulating iron and zinc deposition in the cereal grain. Current strategies towards increasing the iron content of the endosperm are largely based on the expression of legume ferritin genes in an endosperm-specific manner. However, it is apparent that this approach, at least in rice, only allows a two- to three-fold increase in the iron content of the grain due to exhaustion of the iron stores in leaves. Further increases thus have to rely on additional uptake and transport of iron from the root. Phytate is generally considered to be the single most important anti-nutritional factor for iron and zinc availability. In the current paper we summarize attempts to increase phytase activity in the grain by transformation and evaluate the potential of this approach as well as the reduction of phytate biosynthesis for improving the bioavailability of iron and zinc. Vitamins constitute the second important group of micronutrients in grain and we discuss current efforts to increase the amounts of provitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E.     

Production and storage stability of non-alcoholic pawpaw beverage powder

Powder for instant non-alcoholic pawpaw beverage formulation was manufactured by traditional sundrying and controlled ovendrying. The reconstituted beverage was organoleptically acceptable. The effect of sundrying on mats and ovendrying on product quality was investigated. Sundrying resulted into losses of vitamins A and C, and total sugar by 97, 98 and 87 percent; while, oven drying losses were 92, 98 and 87 percent, respectively. Nutrient losses during storage in transparent polythene bags at ambient conditions reached 98, 98 and 82 percent in sundried samples and; 87, 99 and 67 percent in ovendried samples respectively. The moisture content of sundried and oven dried samples increased by 14 percent during storage. The increase in microbial load during storage was higher in sundried samples.     

Identification and nutrient composition of indigenous vegetables of Tanzania

Thirty types of indigenous vegetables commonly utilized in rural areas of Tanzania were collected, identified and their nutrient compositions analyzed. High values up to 249.6, 266 and 7.7 mg/100 g of vitamin C, calcium and iron, respectively, were recorded. Protein content ranged from 0.6 to 5.0 and fat content 0.1 to 1.0 percent. Generally most of the vegetables were preferred by 50 to 90 percent of the persons surveyed.     

Status of Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidants, and Oxidation Products of Nitric Oxide in Equine Babesiosis: Status of Antioxidant and Oxidant in Equine Babesiosis

Equine babesiosis is a tick-borne protozoal disease of horses caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. The disease is endemic in most tropical and subtropical areas. The aim of this paper is to assess the antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation, and oxidation products of nitric oxide (NO) in horses and mules naturally infected with T. equi and B. caballi. East and Southeast Anatolian horses and mules living in rural region of the Eastern border of Turkey were used as the material for this study. These animals are used as pack animal (3–7 years of age). Infected animals were in acute or subacute infection period. In the current study, malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidation products of NO (nitrate and nitrite), serum glutathione (GSH), vitamin E, and retinol levels were analyzed in 58 equids (horse and mule) infected with T. equi and B. caballi as well as in 44 healthy equids. Compared with controls, the level of MDA and nitrate increased significantly (P < .01, P < .05, respectively), whereas GSH concentration and levels of vitamin E decreased significantly (P < .01). There was no significant change in the level of nitrite and retinol between two groups. The results of the current study suggest that in equids infected with T. equi and B. caballi, this alteration in the lipid peroxidation, oxidants, and antioxidants may be related to the host's defenses against parasitic infection and may play a central role in the pathologic conditions associated with babesiosis.     

HPLC法测定长白山区四籽中维生素的含量

本文利用高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）对长白山区四籽（松籽、葵花籽、白瓜籽、榛籽）中维生素的分布及含量进行了研究．用Ｃ８柱,以甲醇—乙腈—水—回氢呋喃为色谱分离体系,在波长２９０ｎｍ紫外检测器上分离脂溶性维生素;以甲醇—水（含ＰｉｃＢ６０．００５ｍｄ／Ｌ,冰醋酸１％,三乙胺０．１２％,ｐＨ３．２７）为色谱分离体系,在波长２７２ｎｍ紫外检测器上分离水溶性维生素．共检测出脂溶性的ＶＡ、ＶＥ、ＶＫ１和水溶性的ＶＢ１、ＶＢ２、ＶＢ６、ＶＢＣ、ＶＣ等８种维生素,并分别探讨了各自的最佳条件,进行了定量测定．     

Herb feeding increases n−3 and n−6 fatty acids in cow milk

Most work dealing with the impact of species-rich herbage on milk fatty acid content has hitherto been carried out in alpine areas or semi-natural grasslands. The main objective of the present study was to examine the effect of herbs sown and intensively managed in a lowland sward on the concentration of n−3 and n−6 fatty acids and vitamins in cows' milk compared to clover grass and total mixed ration (TMR) feeding. Twelve cows were housed in tie-stall and randomly allocated to three diets fed ad libitum for 14 days: HERBS (mixture of fresh herbs); CLOVER (mixture of fresh white clover and ryegrass); or TMR (total mixed ration based on silage and concentrate). n−3 fatty acid (FA) content was similar between the three diets, while n−6 FA content was highest in the TMR diet. A twofold increase in n−3 FA concentration in milk was observed when feeding HERBS compared to CLOVER and TMR (0.8, 0.4 and 0.3 g/kg milk, respectively). n−6 FA concentration increased as well when feeding HERBS (1.4, 0.9 and 1.0 g/kg milk for HERBS, CLOVER and TMR, respectively). Transfer efficiency from feed to milk was doubled for n−3 FA when feeding HERBS and for transfer efficiency of n−6 FA from feed to milk an increase of 28% was observed for HERBS compared to CLOVER. Retinol content was highest in HERBS milk, while there was no difference in α-tocopherol and ß-carotene milk content between the three diets. The results thus support previous findings on the effect of herbs on the milk fatty acid profile, but it will require further research to understand the effect of herbs on n−3 and n−6 FA concentration in milk. In conclusion, milk content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), like n−3 and n−6 FA, was significantly increased when herbs constituted the major part of the herbage, despite lower or similar dietary content of n−3 and n−6 FA in herbs compared to clover grass- and TMR diets.