基于用户参与的科研院所机构知识库建设模式研究

文章以用户参与为理论基础,以融入科研管理为实践目标,创新性地提出一种适合科研院所的机构知识库建设模式,并以江苏省农业科学院为例进行了实证研究,该模式兼具传统机构知识库功能,又能体现科研机构特色、解决科研机构成果管理问题.在此基础上,还分析明确了适用于科研院所成果管理和共享的数据审核流程、元数据标准规范、功能模块、系统架构、管理运行机制等.     

规范型农机产品使用说明书的编写

针对农机新产品购置进入国家补贴目录申请过程中,编写的农机产品使用说明书不规范的问题,根据有关国家标准,提出农机产品使用说明书重要内容编写的要求和建议,在农机产品使用说明书的主要内容、安全要求、注意事项、结构特征、性能指标、工作原理、安装和调试、使用和故障处理、保养和维修、运输和贮存、配件、交货验收、售后服务等方面进行重点阐述,达到使农机新产品购置尽快进入国家或地方补贴目录的目的。     

十堰市周边地区新农村建设及水泥路面使用调查研究

实地考察了十堰市周边地区农村庭院的水泥混凝土路面存在的问题,并深入剖析其产生原因,最后提出相应的改进措施,以期为新农村建设的开展提供参考。     

Finding niches for whole-farm design models – contradictio in terminis?

Whole-farm design models quantitatively analyze the effects of a variety of potential changes at the farm system level. Science-driven technical information is confronted with value-driven objectives of farmers or other social groupings under explicit assumptions with respect to exogenous variables that are important drivers of agricultural systems (e.g., market conditions). Hence, farm design is an outcome of objective specification and the potential of a system. In recent publications, whole-farm design modelling has been proposed to enhance (farm) innovation processes. A number of operational modelling tools now offers the opportunity to assess the true potential of whole-farm design modelling to enhance innovation. In this paper, we demonstrate that it is not trivial to find niches for the application of goal-based farm models. Model outcomes appeared not to match questions of farm managers monitoring and learning from their own and other farmers’ practices. However, our research indicates that whole-farm design modelling possesses the capabilities to make a valuable contribution to reframing. Reframing is the phenomenon that people feel an urge to discuss and reconsider current objectives and perspectives on a problem. Reframing might take place in a situation (i) of mutually felt dependency between stakeholders, (ii) in which there is sufficient pressure and urgency for stakeholders to explore new problem definitions and make progress. Furthermore, our research suggests that the way the researcher enters a likely niche to introduce a model and/or his or her position in this niche may have significant implications for the potential of models to enhance an innovation process. Therefore, we hypothesize that the chances of capitalizing on modelling expertise are likely to be higher when researchers with such expertise are a logical and more or less permanent component of ongoing trajectories than when these researchers come from outside to purposefully search for a niche.     

基于个案研究的农民用水者协会水资源管理绩效评价

农民用水户协会是农村参与式水资源管理的基本形式和主要实施载体。以行政村为研究尺度,构建水资源管理绩效绩效评价指标体系,选择水资源供需矛盾突出的黑河中游末段张掖市高台县西大村(山区)和胜利村(平原区)农民用水户协会为研究对象,进行个案研究,对比分析2000年与2010年水资源管理绩效变化。结果显示:用水者协会在提高农业生产效益和水资源可持续利用方面具有普遍性,山区协会更加注重供水设施建设,平原地区则在水资源供给和日常灌溉管理方面具有显著优势。     

现代化养猪场三维建模与视景仿真系统的研究

为构建现代化养猪场三维模型和可视化软件系统,本研究利用三维视图设计方法获得猪舍建筑及设施的模型参数,根据参数生成育肥猪舍、妊娠猪舍、产房、母猪舍和空气过滤型公猪舍等三维模型;采用三维可视化、视景仿真、数字动画技术,实现包括养殖区域、环保设施和文化公园等场景的现代化猪场虚拟现实创意图,从而可在互联网平台上再现养猪场环境与设施装备场景,并为猪场生产管理和监测预警物联网系统的设计与实现提供技术支持。     

Practical starter pig amino acid requirements in relation to immunity,gut health and growth performance

Immune system activation begins a host of physiological responses. Infectious agents are recognized by monocytes and macrophages which in turn stimulate cytokine production. It is the hormone-like factors called cytokines that orchestrate the immune response. The classic responses observed with immune system activation and cytokine production include： anorexia, fever, lethargy, recruitment of other immune cells, and phagocytosis. While production of immune system components is known to require some amino acids, increases in amino acid requirements are more than offset by the associated decrease in protein accretion and increased muscle protein degradation that also accompanies immune system activation. However, the biggest impact of cytokine production is a decrease in feed intake. Therefore, as feed intake decreases, the energy needed to drive protein synthesis is also decreased. This suggests that diets should still be formulated on a similar calorie：lysine ratio as those formulated for non-immune challenged pigs. The evidence is sparse or equivocal for increasing nutrient requirements during an immune challenge. Nutritionists and swine producers should resist the pressure to alter the diet, limit feed, or add expensive feed additives during an immune challenge. While immune stimulation does not necessitate changes in diet formulation, when pigs are challenged with non-pathogenic diarrhea there are potential advantages on gut health with the increased use of crystalline amino acids rather than intact protein sources （i.e., soybean meal）. This is because reducing crude protein decreases the quantity of fermentable protein entering the large intestine, which lowers post weaning diarrhea. It also lowers the requirement for expensive specialty protein sources or other protein sources such as soybean meal that present immunological challenges to the gut. The objective of this review is two-fold. The first is to discuss immunity by nutrition interactions, or lack thereof, and secondly, to review amino acid re     

Practical starter pig amino acid requirements in relation to immunity,gut health and growth performance

Immune system activation begins a host of physiological responses. Infectious agents are recognized by monocytes and macrophages which in turn stimulate cytokine production. It is the hormone-like factors called cytokines that orchestrate the immune response. The classic responses observed with immune system activation and cytokine production include: anorexia, fever, lethargy, recruitment of other immune cells, and phagocytosis. While production of immune system components is known to require some amino acids, increases in amino acid requirements are more than offset by the associated decrease in protein accretion and increased muscle protein degradation that also accompanies immune system activation. However, the biggest impact of cytokine production is a decrease in feed intake. Therefore, as feed intake decreases, the energy needed to drive protein synthesis is also decreased. This suggests that diets should still be formulated on a similar calorie:lysine ratio as those formulated for non-immune challenged pigs. The evidence is sparse or equivocal for increasing nutrient requirements during an immune challenge. Nutritionists and swine producers should resist the pressure to alter the diet, limit feed, or add expensive feed additives during an immune challenge. While immune stimulation does not necessitate changes in diet formulation, when pigs are challenged with non-pathogenic diarrhea there are potential advantages on gut health with the increased use of crystalline amino acids rather than intact protein sources (i.e., soybean meal). This is because reducing crude protein decreases the quantity of fermentable protein entering the large intestine, which lowers post weaning diarrhea. It also lowers the requirement for expensive specialty protein sources or other protein sources such as soybean meal that present immunological challenges to the gut. The objective of this review is two-fold. The first is to discuss immunity by nutrition interactions, or lack thereof, and secondly, to review amino acid requirement estimates for nursery pigs.     

基于粗糙集的高校图书馆用户评价分析

现代图书馆是以用户（读者）为中心,加强对用户评价的调查和数据处理对改善图书馆工作具有重要的意义。利用粗糙集理论的属性约简和区分函数等工具,对学校图书馆日常调查所积累的用户对图书馆服务质量的评价数据进行分析,给出了一个挖掘其中隐藏的模式和知识的方法,有助于图书馆管理层提高服务水平和促进馆员素质建设。     

公共图书馆用户教育工作初探

指出现代公共图书馆开展用户教育的必要性和紧迫性。分析随着公共文化服务体系的完善,读者服务工作的持续推进,公共图书馆的用户教育面临着良好发展机遇。认为公共图书馆应顺势而上,加紧、有效地推动用户教育工作的发展。