Impact of grassland contract policy on soil organic carbon losses from alpine grassland on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Carbon storage in the soils on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau plays a very important role in the global carbon budget. In the 1990s, a policy of contracting collective grasslands to smaller units was implemented, resulting in a change from the traditional collective grassland management to two new management patterns: a multi‐household management pattern (MMP: grassland shared by several households without enclosures) and a single‐household management pattern (SMP: grassland enclosed and used by only one household). In 2016, 50 MMP and 54 SMP winter pastures on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau were sampled to assess the differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) between the two management patterns. Results showed that average SOC was significantly greater under MMP than under SMP, with an estimated 0.41 Mg C/ha/yr lost due to SMP following the new grassland contract. Based on the government's grassland policy, four grassland utilization scenarios were developed for both summer and winter pastures. We found that if the grassland were managed under SMP, likely C losses ranged between 0.31 × 10⁷ and 6.15 × 10⁷ Mg C/yr across the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau relative to MMP, which more closely resembles pre‐1990s grassland management. Previous estimates of C losses have only considered land use change (with cover change) and ignored the impacts driven by land management pattern changes (without cover change). The new data suggest that C losses from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau are greater than previously estimated, and therefore that the grassland contract policy should be reviewed and SMP households should be encouraged to reunite into the MMP. These findings have potential implications for land management strategies not only on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau but also other grazing regions globally where such practices may exist.     

Compatibility of root growth and tuber production of potato cultivars with dynamic and static water‐saving irrigation managements

The important root characteristics of root length density (RLD) and root mass density (RMD) generally differ among irrigation managements and potato cultivars. The objective of this study was to investigate the RLD and RMD variations and their functional relationships with gross potato tuber yield for two commercial potato cultivars, Agria and Sante, under different irrigation strategies. Full irrigation and water‐saving irrigation strategies, deficit and partial root drying irrigations, were applied statically (S) and dynamically (D) based on daily crop evapotranspiration. Results showed that SPRD had significantly greater RLD (3.64 cm/cm³) and RMD (132.7 μg/cm³) than other irrigation treatments. Between the potato cultivars, Agria had significantly larger values of RLD (3.50 cm/cm³) and RMD (138.7 μg/cm³) than Sante. The functional relationship between the root growth characteristics and tuber yield showed that under water‐saving irrigations, Agria increased root mass at the expense of gross tuber yield but Sante increased root mass to maintain larger gross tuber yields. However, Agria produced more roots and gross tuber yield than Sante, and it is concluded that Agria is a more drought‐tolerant potato cultivar, which is recommended for tuber production in regions where water might be scarce. It was shown that larger root production in potatoes was associated with improved tolerance to water stress.     

天敌昆虫低温贮藏研究进展

在农业生产中由于化学农药的长期不合理使用,导致"3R"问题持续存在和人类赖以生存的环境日益恶化,生物防治产品及技术在有害生物综合治理中的作用越发重要。天敌昆虫的生长发育及存活期往往很短,探索其储存技术是天敌昆虫规模化生产中的关键性环节。低温贮藏可以延长天敌昆虫的寿命,进而可以为生物防治提供充足、稳定的天敌产品。因此,天敌昆虫低温贮藏一直是生物防治领域研究的热点。本文围绕天敌昆虫低温贮藏这一环节,就低温诱导天敌昆虫滞育虫态、冷驯化对昆虫低温贮藏效果的影响、低温贮藏对天敌昆虫适合度(寿命、羽化率、性比、个体尺寸大小、飞行扩散能力等)的影响等方面进行综述,以期为天敌昆虫产品的规模化生产及应用技术提供参考。     

Studies on Tomato Seedling Quality Indices Under Simulated Shipping and Storage Conditions

Indices of the tomato seedling quality maintenance level after production before field planting were studied through simulated experiments, small--scale operation, indoor analyses and measurements, and field observation. The results showed that under simulated shipping and storage conditions, seedling quality change following different durations (days) of shipping and storage was correlated significantly or even very significantly with certain physiological and morphological indices. With various measured indices following different periods of shipping and storage treatment subjected to multinomial successive regressive correlation analysis, the principal factors influencing seedling quality maintenance level are identified to be chlorophyll content→dry short weight→ leaf freshness index in order of their importance. Significance analysis with multinomial fitted equation indicated that correlations between any one of above three factors and the growth index after field planting reached very significant difference level.     

数量化理论Ⅲ在土地质量综合评价中的应用

木文对土地质量综合评价的方法进行了探讨,首次提出将数量化理论Ⅲ应用于土地质量分级。与目前使用的系统聚类、动态聚类方法相比,数量化理论Ⅲ更适合于变量类型为定性变量的土地资源调查资料的分类。它弥补了系统聚类方法和动态聚类方法在土地资源评价中应用的局限性,数量化理论Ⅲ是一种可用于土地质量分级的理想方法。     

加工现场微机控制系统抗干扰的研究

针对制造业加工现场的环境特点，分析了微机控制系统的干扰来源和途径，介绍了实用的抗干扰措施。实践证明：这些软硬件抗干扰措施的综合运用，使自动化加工中微机控制系统的稳定性得到了较大的提高。     

杉木林地套种绿肥筛选初报

收集了三十种绿肥,在杉木当年造林地上进行套种试验,根据其生长状况、生物量、覆盖度及对杉木生长的影响,把供试绿肥分成三类,初步筛选出羽扁豆、决明豆、日木草为适宜杉木林地种植的林用绿肥。同时对今后林用绿肥的选择提出了有益的建议。     

潜江小城镇景观规划

潜江小城镇的水资源丰富但开发落后，绿系统不完善，街景缺乏工艺性。在对现状调查分析的基础上，提出了对过境公路、水体、街景进行动感空间、情感空间规划的建议，对乡土化设计、恢复性设计进行了探讨。     

CVT起步离合器模糊控制算法研究

探讨了汽车无级变速器控制的关键技术之一———汽车起步离合器的控制技术,并针对汽车起步时条件的多样性以及驾驶员意图的不确定性,研究了适用于复杂条件的模糊控制算法.在离合器的滑磨阶段,把动态跟踪发动机转速的油压作为控制目标,离合器结合的控制便转化为一闭环控制.结果表明汽车能在任意工况下平顺快速起步.因此,本研究为控制CVT(Continuously Variable Transmission)起步离合器这种时变、非线性系统提出了一种简单可行的解决方法.     

羊草＋杂类草群落生物量动态模式的研究

对黑龙江肇州县羊草＋杂类草群落地上生物量的季节动态、地下生物量的分布以及地上生物量与降雨量、温度之间的关系进行了分析．结果表明，在生长季内，群落地上生物量动态模式呈单峰型，符合四次多项式模型增长，最大地上生物量出现在８月５日，其值为１９７．３ｍ２而后下降；群落地下生物量分布由上至下呈负幂函数变化，其模型为：Ｂｕ＝Ｙ·（Ｄ＋１０）－ｘ．其中在０－３０ｃｍ土层中，群落地下生物量占总地下生物量的７７％～８２％．