应用可拓学原理评价黄瓜根分泌物的化感潜势

 对黄瓜组培根分泌物的化感潜势进行可拓评价, 得出黄瓜组培根分泌物对菜豆幼苗生长有显著促进作用, 而对其它3种作物有明显的毒害作用, 毒害程度为黄瓜>甜瓜>番茄。同时, 建立了黄瓜组培根分泌液的化感效应的数学模型R_E = [ k₁R_p0 / ( k₂ - k₁ ) ] ( e^{- k1t} - e^{- k2t} ) ( e- ^k1a - e^{- k2a} ) , 说明了黄瓜组培根分泌液的化感效应与组培根培养时间( t) 以及根分泌液浓度( a) 显著相关。黄瓜根分泌物对4种受体作物显示出显著的化学干扰差异, 论证了植物种内(间) 发生的干扰作用与植物的品种(系) 有关, 从理论上得出菜豆可以作为黄瓜的间套作物或下茬作物。     

烤烟烟叶腺毛及其分泌物研究进展

烟叶腺毛密度及其分泌物对烟叶香气有重要作用,因此腺毛密度及其分泌物在烟草研究中具有重要意义。综述了烟叶腺毛类型、腺毛分泌物的主要化学成分和烟叶腺毛密度和分泌物的影响因素,以及腺毛分泌物的主要化学成分与烟叶香气的关系。展望了烟叶腺毛及其分泌物的研究方向和途径,提出烟叶腺毛及其分泌物研究的意义和目的。以期为烤烟烟叶腺毛密度及其分泌物的进一步研究提供参考。     

Pollen morphology and trichome types of Betula spp. in the Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran

Pollen and trichome morphology of the genus Betula were evaluated from three main habitats in Iran using light and electron microscopy.Pollen types were identical and tri-porate;however,in terms of quantitative data,some differences were observed in exine(outside)wall thickness,length of polar axis and length of equatorial axis,possibly due to the environment.Pollen alone is insufficient to separate species of Iranian birch.Investigation of the trichome trait(small hairs or other outgrowths)revealed that birch species in Iran belong to:(1)Betula litwinowii Doluch.according to the low density of trichomes on the adaxial surface of the leaves and the lack of trichomes on the abaxial surface and many trichomes on the petioles;(2)Betula pendula Roth.due to the absence of trichomes on the adaxial surface and the low density of trichomes on the abaxial surface;and,(3)in the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaves and petioles,the trichomes had different types of pilose(long,soft hairs),and this strengthens the possibility of a different species or more likely a hybrid of B.pendula.     

不同品种烟叶腺毛密度差异分析

为了比较不同品种烟叶的腺毛的密度,采用便携式数码显微镜对K326、南江3号、贵烟201和云烟85的成熟叶的腺毛分布密度进行了观测。结果表明:烟叶的腺毛平均分布密度以K326最大,云烟85与之接近,贵烟201最小。这说明在相同生态条件和栽培措施下,不同烟草品种的腺毛分布密度具有一定程度差异,遗传因素是影响烟叶腺毛密度差异的重要因素。     

烤烟烟叶腺毛分泌物提取方法初探

为探索烤烟烟叶腺毛分泌物提取效果最佳的方法,以烤烟品种K326、云烟85和红花大金元为材料,采用二氯甲烷作为溶剂,比较不同提取级数和不同提取时间前后叶片重量的变化。结果表明,在烟叶腺毛分泌物提取方法的不同提取级数的效果比较中,3个烤烟品种均以前3级提取的变化最明显,而之后增加提取级数,叶片重量变化不明显;不同提取时间对叶片的重量变化影响不大。这说明采用3级提取作为烤烟叶片腺毛分泌物的提取方法比较适宜     

植物根分泌的化感物质及其在土壤中的环境行为

植物根系是化感物质进入土壤的重要通道。根系分泌物中含有大量具有化感活性的物质,其中以小分子的酚、酸最为常见,这些物质对植物自身及植物根际微生物和土壤酶具有广泛影响,一度成为化感研究的重要内容。自然状态下根系分泌化感物质的活性效应与植物根系分泌化感物质的强度和累积、化感物质本身的特性以及土壤对化感物质的吸附和降解能力有关。因此,研究化感物质在土壤中的迁移、吸附-解吸附、降解等环境行为是揭示化感物质累积机制的重要工作,应该成为化感研究的重要内容,在今后的研究中应给予充分重视。     

烤烟根系分泌物对幼苗生长和种子萌发的影响

采用室内培养和生物测定的试验方法,研究了烟草根系分泌物以及烟草根系分泌物中的苯甲酸、肉桂酸、延胡索酸、丁二酸和烟碱在不同浓度条件下对烟草种子的萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,烟草根系分泌物对烤烟种子萌发和幼苗生长有一定的抑制作用;同时根系分泌物主要成分延胡索酸、丁二酸、肉桂酸、苯甲酸和烟碱,在不同浓度条件下也能显著抑制烤烟种子萌发和幼苗生长,且抑制作用随浓度的增加而增大,但是5种物质对烤烟种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制程度不一致,主要表现为：苯甲酸>肉桂酸>丁二酸>延胡索酸>烟碱。     

胜红蓟根系分泌物土壤浸提液在石榴枯萎病生物防治中的作用初探

为进一步明确胜红蓟根系分泌物在提高枯草芽孢杆菌控制石榴枯萎病的作用途径,以胜红蓟土壤提取液为研究对象,利用室内试验检测不同浓度胜红蓟土壤浸提液对生防菌枯草芽孢杆菌和石榴枯萎病菌生长的作用。结果表明,胜红蓟土壤浸提液对生防菌枯草芽孢杆菌的生长具有促进作用,而对石榴枯萎病菌没有明显的作用。以上结果说明,胜红蓟促进枯草芽孢杆菌控制石榴枯萎病防治效果主要是通过促进生防菌的生长而起作用,而对病原菌石榴枯萎病菌没有明显的直接抑制作用     

Impact of artificial root exudates on the bacterial community structure in bulk soil and maize rhizosphere

Bacterial densities, metabolic signatures and genetic structures were evaluated to measure the impact of soil enrichment of soluble organic carbon on the bacterial community structures. The exudates chosen were detected in natural maize exudates (glucose, fructose, saccharose, citric acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, alanine, serine and glutamic acid) and were used at a rate of 100 μg C g⁻¹ day⁻¹ for 14 days. Moreover two synthetic solutions with distinct carbon/nitrogen ratios (20.5 and 40.1), obtained by varying carboxylic and amino acids concentrations, were compared in order to evaluate the potential role of organic N availability. The in vitro experiment consisted of applying exudate solutions to bulk soil. In the case of the control, only distilled water was added. Both solutions significantly increased bacterial densities and modified the oxidation pattern of Biolog® GN2 plates with no effect of the C/N ratio on these two parameters. Genetic structure, measured by means of ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA), was also consistently modified by the organic amendments. N availability levels led to distinct genetic structures. In a second experiment, one of the previous exudate solutions (C/N 20.5) was applied to 15-day-old maize plants to determine the structural influence of exudates on the rhizosphere microbial community (in situ experiment). Bacterial densities were significantly increased, but to a lesser extent than had been found in the in vitro experiment. Metabolic potentials and RISA profiles were also significantly modified by the organic enrichment.     

烤烟烟叶腺毛分泌物提取方法初探

为探索烤烟烟叶腺毛分泌物提取效果最佳的方法,以烤烟品种K326、云烟85和红花大金元为材料,采用二氯甲烷作为溶剂,比较不同提取级数和不同提取时间前后叶片重量的变化。结果表明,在烟叶腺毛分泌物提取方法的不同提取级数的效果比较中,3个烤烟品种均以前3级提取的变化最明显,而之后增加提取级数,叶片重量变化不明显;不同提取时间对叶片的重量变化影响不大。这说明采用3级提取作为烤烟叶片腺毛分泌物的提取方法比较适宜。