The effect of eradication of lice on the occurrence of the grain defect light flecks and spots on cattle hides.

The influence of an eradication programme for lice on the prevalence of light flecks and spots on cattle hides was studied in 33 dairy cattle herds during a period of two and a half years. Lice were eradicated from the main group of herds after 9 to 12 months and the quality of the hides before and after treatment was compared. Hides from slaughtered animals were collected during the study period, tanned and examined with special emphasis on the occurrence of the grain damage light flecks and spots. The prevalence of hides without light flecks and spots increased from 24.2% before treatment to 61.6% after treatment. The prevalence of hides free from the damage increased significantly in all examined anatomical regions. The improvement in hide quality was most marked in the shoulders and neck region which corresponded to the major predilection site of cattle lice. The prevalence of hides with light flecks and spots started to decrease in the first period (2-40 days) after eradication. The changes after treatment suggested that most healing process took place over a period of about 4 months. The eradication programme eliminated the seasonal variation in the prevalence of light flecks and spots which was present before treatment.     

Contribution to the taxonomy and pathogenicity of fungicolous Verticillium species. II. Pathogenicity

In recent years in the Netherlands a second mushroom species,Agaricus bitorquis, which prefers higher temperatures thanA. bisporus and is less susceptible to certain diseases, is often commercially grown.Verticillium fungicola var.fungicola, the causal agent of dry bubble, is responsible for considerable damage in crops ofA. bisporus. InA. bitorquis, however, dry bubble has hardly been noticed, but brown spots due toV. fungicola var.aleophilum resulted in inferior mushroom quality. The latter variety also caused brown spots ina. bisporus, but to a minor degree. In variety Les Miz 60 ofA. bisporus, however, it also induced fruit-body deformation in a way different from dry bubble. Verticillium psalliotae, isolated fromA. bitorquis in England, induced more confluent brown spots inA. bitorquis. In the netherlands, where moreA. bitorquis is grown than in other countries,V. psalliotae has not yet been encountered in crops ofA. bitorquis. V. psalliotae, which has a high temperature optimum for mycelial growth, likeV. fungicola var.aleophilum andA. bitorquis, did not infectA. bisporus in our trials.Artificial infection ofA. bisporus orA. bitorquis could not be accomplished with the following related and/or fungicolous fungi:Verticillium lamellicola, V. fungicola var.flavidum, V. biguttatum, Nectriopsis tubariicola, Acremonium crotocinigenum andAphanocladium album.Samenvatting Vooral in Nederland wordt sinds een aantal jaren naastAgaricus bisporus ook de warmteminnende champignonsoortAgaricus bitorquis geteeld, die minder vatbaar is voor bepaalde ziekten. TerwijlVerticillium fungicola varfungicola in de teelt vanA. bisporus droge mollen en daardoor veel schade veroorzaakt, komen in de teelt vanA. bitorquis geen droge mollen voor maar wel bruine vlekken, die tot kwaliteitsverlies en dus schade leiden. De vlekken bleken veroorzaakt te worden doorV. fungicola var.aleophilum. Deze schimmel veroorzaakte ook inA. bisporus bruine vlekken, hoewel in minder ernstige mate, maar in het ras Les Miz 60 vanA. bisporus bovendien misvormde champignons, die wel op droge mollen leken, maar daaraan niet gelijk waren.OokV. psalliotae, in Engeland geïsoleerd vanA. bitorquis met vlekken, veroorzaakte wat meer samenvloeiende, bruine vlekken inA. bitorquis. In Nederland, waar meerA. bitorquis geteeld wordt dan in andere landen, isV. psalliotae nog niet aangetroffen in teelten vanA. bitorquis. InA. bisporus kon geen kunstmatige infectie worden verkregen metV. psalliotae, die net alsV. fungicola var.aleophilum enA. bitorquis warmteminnend genoemd zou kunnen worden.Met de volgendeVerticillium-achtige of van paddestoelen geïsoleerde schimmels kon evenmin op kunstmatige wijze een infectie worden opgeroepen inA. bisporus ofA. bitorquis: Verticillium lamellicola, V. fungicola var.flavidum, V. biguttatum, Nectriopsis tubariicola, Acremonium crotocinigenum enAphanocladium album.     

小洲村古村落旅游开发探析

主要探讨了小洲村古村落旅游资源情况、古村落旅游发展状况以及需要解决的问题。     

土家族饮食旅游资源特点与开发探析

将土家族饮食文化看作土家族传统文化的重要组成部分,分析了其浓厚的民族特色,指出其文化意义与开发价值。在此基础上结合现实情况探究了其发展现状,资源优势等,提出了土家族饮食旅游资源开发的具体措施。     

新型城镇化背景下卫星城市旅游营销对策研究

结合新型城镇化的发展特点,联系武汉市新洲区旅游发展实际,寻找新型城镇化与旅游产业发展的内在契合点.在此基础上,提出卫星城市旅游产业营销方式在创新传统营销方式的前提下,加强新型营销手段的应用,打造一个高效率、高覆盖率的营销立体网络,以此促进城市的旅游产业发展,促进产业的融合,提升卫星城市的经济实力,促进新型城镇化向纵深处发展.     

基于文化与审美视角的中国牡丹旅游分析

分析了牡丹在中国备受人们喜爱的自然和社会文化原因,认为人们喜欢牡丹不仅仅是由于它的美丽和香味,更由于其在传统的中国文化里是富贵和吉祥的象征,是中国主流文化和传统审美观的代表。介绍了河南洛阳、山东菏泽、四川彭州三大牡丹栽培和观赏中心的牡丹繁育、栽培现状,以及在这三大栽培中心举办的每年一度的以牡丹为主题的旅游节庆活动。以期能让更多的人了解牡丹在中国文化中的地位及其对现代花卉旅游的影响,更好地理解牡丹和中国人民审美情结、国民气质之间的关系。     

基于WebGIS的国家森林公园旅游信息系统构建

分析国家森林公园旅游的特点以及森林公园旅游信息系统建设的现状,介绍基于WebGIS技术开发国家森林公园旅游信息系统的技术优势和该系统的设计方法。以三爪仑国家森林公园为例,介绍WebGIS技术在国家森林公园旅游信息系统中的应用。通过该系统构建实现面向旅游爱好者的国家森林公园旅游信息交流和面向管理职能部门的信息管理功能。     

伊春森林生态旅游产业对本地经济发展的贡献分析

结合伊春2001~2012年的旅游收入和国民生产总值,从直接经济贡献和间接经济贡献两个角度并利用一元线性回归模型分析了伊春森林生态旅游产业对经济发展的贡献。从显性角度分析得出森林生态旅游产业已经成为伊春的战略性支柱产业;从隐性角度分析表明伊春每l元的旅游收入能够导致伊春GDP增长约为4.273元人民币,而且发展呈上升的趋势。     

云南佤族文化旅游资源开发

分析了佤族的司岗里文化、猎头风俗以及其他独特文化的旅游资源价值,认为长期以来佤族旅游由于交通不便、开发意识不足、宣传力度不够等原因使这些资源处于沉睡状态。因此,在旅游需求、通达条件、国家西部大开发深度都已发生深刻变化的今天,主张抓好相关设施建设,做好宣传工作,不仅将大力促进这些地方旅游业发展,还将为广大旅游消费者提供高品质的旅游商品。