矮化中间砧苹果施氮位置对细根分布、氮素吸收和产量品质的影响

为明确矮化中间砧苹果树合理的施肥位置,减少氮肥的浪费。试验于2018年和2019年,以‘烟富3’苹果/SH6/八棱海棠为试材,借助¹⁵N同位素示踪技术,研究了萌芽前在树冠投影范围距树干由近及远的3个水平距离——内环、中环和外环施氮对新梢旺长期细根和土壤¹⁵N分布、树体¹⁵N吸收以及果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明:各处理的苹果细根(直径≤2 mm)根长密度均在水平方向和垂直方向呈衰减规律,主要分布在距离树干水平方向0～100 cm、垂直方向0～40 cm土层范围;与不施肥(对照)相比,施氮增加了细根根长密度,以施氮区内细根根长密度增加最为显著;从垂直方向0～20 cm土层施氮区细根根长密度增加量来看,内环施氮处理增幅最大,为对照的1.33倍～1.36倍,其次是中环施氮处理。各处理土壤¹⁵N含量峰值在水平方向均出现在施氮区域,在垂直方向均出现在0～20 cm土层。不同处理间树体细根根长密度与土壤¹⁵N分布空间吻合度(RLD-¹⁵N)差异显著,内环施氮处理显著高...     

昆明城区大学校园与公园绿地植物组成研究

城市绿地植物组成反映城市的自然环境背景、人工管护和文化内涵。根据线路调查法记录昆明城区9个大学校园和13个公园绿地的植物物种数据,比较研究大学校园和公园绿地的植物组成。结果表明：在总面积1 169.93 hm2的22个绿地中,共记录到维管束植物143科448属716种,包括被子植物129科419属663种,其中,校园植物649种,公园植物374种;生长型分析显示草本居多、乔木较少,草本、乔木、灌木和藤本植物分别占总物种数的46.51%、27.79%、22.49%和3.21%,乔木比重在公园绿地中较高（33.69%）、在校园绿地中低（28.35%）、在新建校园绿地中最低（27.47%）;物种产地分析显示：外来植物在总物种数、校园物种数和公园物种数中的比例分别为39.25%、38.52%和41.44%,绿地建设使热带成分增加、温带成分减少,增加冻害风险。校园绿地植物物种配置,除绿化美化外,还在一定程度上体现了服务教学与科研文化内涵。     

基于双向渐进结构优化法的装载机动臂拓扑优化

利用双向渐进结构优化法研究了装载机动臂结构的拓扑优化问题。利用有限元软件ANSYS的APDL语言进行二次开发,实现了多工况下基于应力水平的双向渐进结构优化法(BESO)。对装载机工作装置的动臂进行多工况下的结构双向渐进拓扑优化,得到了动臂的最佳拓扑结构。结果表明了该方法的实用性和有效性,且比ESO方法具有更高的效率。     

OPTIMAL CONDITIONS OF DIFFRENTIAL MULTIOBJECTIVE PROGRAMMING IN BANACH SPACES

In this paper,by the use of Farkas lemma and its inve-rse proposition,the generalized Kuhu-Tuoker conditions for the existanceof strong minimum point in differential multiobjective programming inBanach spaces and the existance of sufficient condition of weak Paretominimum Foint are derived.     

Allergenic pollen of ornamental plane trees in a Mediterranean environment and urban planning as a prevention tool

Green spaces and urban green infrastructure are new concepts in urban planning, and lately, the influence of green spaces in cities and how this presence affects local climate change have been taken into account. Moreover, some of the ornamental trees most used in cities provoke allergic symptoms in sensitized people. Due to the importance the plane trees in our parks and cities have as ornamental trees, this article assesses the urban Platanus airborne pollen concentration in the air of five cities of the SW Iberian Peninsula and tries to determine the differential factors that its distribution has by means of combining continuous monitoring of the air using volumetric spore traps and the geolocation of plane trees. They were counted separately according to the direction (Q1 NE, Q2 SE, Q3 SW, Q4 NW) around the spore trap location in circles of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 m in diameter. Pollen sums were distributed according to the predominant wind direction for each day. The highest concentrations for Platanus pollen were recorded in Don Benito. Differences amongst pollen stations were found and were mainly related to their degree of maturity and their proximity to spore traps, and finally, with the number of plane trees. Furthermore, other factors, as the pruning, which is different in each city and even in a more local way, affects pollination and is frequently unknown to aerobiological studies. The geolocation of ornamental trees can be a useful tool for providing summarized information about their behavioral differences amongst cities, which can be used to create healthy itineraries, minimizing the natural hazards in human health (allergic diseases) and could be implemented into a model to help policy-makers to create measures to improve green urban development.     

城市开放空间中高容集率游憩型空间的营造

本文针对城市开放空间用地紧张而有户外游憩要求的民众不断增加这一矛盾,重点关注城市开放空间的容集率问题,深入探讨游憩型空间的类型及如何结合特殊的景观设计手法提高城市开放空间中游憩空间的使用效率及容集率。     

城市绿地土壤温室气体通量及其人为影响因素研究进展

城市绿地作为城市生态系统重要的组成部分,它既是城市碳氮元素重要的储存库,也是温室气体不容忽视的排放源.城市绿地土壤温室气体通量除受原自然条件影响外,更多的受城市人为活动的影响.在自然因素和人为活动干扰的相互作用下,城市绿地碳氮库和碳氮流具有复杂性和多变性.因此,在综述城市绿地土壤温室气体通量研究进展的基础上,探讨了人为活动对城市绿地土壤温室气体通量的影响,并从城市绿地土壤温室气体通量变化的时空差异性、人为干扰对城市绿地土壤温室气体通量的直接和间接影响因子以及科学合理地规划城市绿地景观植被3个方面提出了研究展望.     

半序空间中具有算子压缩条件的不动点定理

用有界线性算子代替压缩常数,在序Banach空间中引入了几种压缩型映射,并证明了相应的不动点定理．     

校园网设计与规划

随着我国高教规模的不断扩大,计算机及网络技术的大量运用成为必然.目前各高校大都建成了自己的校园网络.数字校园网建设是一项复杂的系统工程,从系统的规划设计到实施运行都需要考虑多方面问题.     

基于核心主导人物构建团队的拓扑形态分析

以核心主导人物构建团队的方式,运用点集拓扑学中凝聚点的概念,将核心主导人物看作团队的凝聚点,得到核心主导人物集合是团队拓扑空间的闭集,并由此对由3个成员的团队进行分析,得出了同胚意义下的所有拓扑形态。