烫漂时间对香椿嫩芽颜色及挥发性风味成分的影响研究

为了研究香椿嫩芽烫漂过程中颜色热降解规律及挥发性风味成分的变化,分别采用分光光度法和光电反射光度法对香椿嫩芽叶绿素含量和色差进行测定,同时利用顶空固相微萃取及GC-MS联用技术对不同烫漂时间下香椿嫩芽的挥发性成分进行鉴定,并对各种处理后的风味物质进行主成分分析。结果表明,香椿嫩芽叶绿素降解和绿色损失均属于一级动力学反应,且叶绿素的减少与绿色损失相关性较好,呈极显著水平。烫漂后香椿嫩芽挥发性成分种类增多,含硫类等呈刺激性气味的化合物相对含量减少,烯类等呈柔和气味增加,提升了香椿的香味品质。综合颜色及挥发性成分随烫漂时间的变化规律,确定最佳烫漂时间为30s。主成分分析结果显示,第1、第2和第3主成分累积贡献率达98.742%,能够较好的代表原始数据所反应的信息。第1主成分包含噻吩类、烯类、醇类和醛类,贡献率大小为噻吩类烯类醇类醛类;第2主成分包含酮类和其它类,贡献率大小为酮类其它类;第3主成分为烃类。本研究结果为香椿嫩芽精深加工过程中颜色和风味的控制提供了理论依据。     

不同光照时间对毛红椿种子活力的影响

研究了不同光照时间对不同家系毛红椿种子活力特性的影响.结果表明:全黑暗、全光照条件下均会抑制种子活力;光照16h条件下毛红椿种子发芽率、发芽势、活力指数、苗高显著高于其它光照处理;宣恩5号、宣恩4号、宣恩6号3个家系种子发芽率高于其它家系;宣恩4号家系种子发芽势最高,出苗最整齐;建始家系幼苗生长最快,苗高最高.宣恩1号种子发芽率、发芽势、活力指数最低.     

两种干燥方式对香椿粉品质特性的影响

以香椿为原料,研究真空冷冻干燥和喷雾干燥对香椿粉的物理特性、基本成分、抗氧化活性、风味物质和微观结构的影响。结果表明：真空冷冻干燥香椿粉的综合品质较好。在物理特性方面,真空冷冻干燥香椿粉的得率较高、色泽浓绿,复水性、吸油性好;而喷雾干燥香椿粉的溶解度高、堆积密度大。在基本成分方面,真空冷冻干燥香椿粉的蛋白质、皂苷、生物碱含量均高于喷雾干燥;而VC、黄酮、多糖含量在两种干燥方式的香椿粉中无显著性差异。在抗氧化活性方面,真空冷冻干燥香椿粉的DPPH自由基清除力和还原力均高于喷雾干燥。在风味物质方面,从真空冷冻干燥和喷雾干燥的香椿粉中分别鉴定出49和41种挥发性成分,且真空冷冻干燥香椿粉含有较高的特征风味物质2-巯基-3, 4-二甲基-2,3-二氢噻吩。扫描电镜观察微观结构发现真空冷冻干燥香椿粉呈现蜂窝状松散结构,而喷雾干燥香椿粉多呈现出干瘪的圆球体状。综合考虑,真空冷冻干燥是一种适合制备高品质香椿粉的干燥方式。     

小根蒜提取物对香椿保鲜效果的影响

通过测定Vc、叶绿素含量变化并结合外观变化,研究了小根蒜提取物对香椿保鲜效果的影响。结果表明：小根蒜提取物对香椿具有显著的保鲜效果,可以延长保鲜期7天以上。小根蒜水提物可以显著降低香椿的腐烂率,抑制Vc含量的下降,贮藏28天香椿的完好率仍维持在89.6%,Vc保持率为49.4%。小根蒜醇提物与6-BA复配可有效降低香椿的脱叶率和失重率,延缓叶绿素的降解,贮藏28天脱叶率为20.3%,失重率和叶绿素损失率分别为3.8%和5.3%。以小根蒜提取物作为天然蔬菜保鲜剂具有巨大的开发潜力。     

Predicting the age of fish using general and generalized linear models of biometric data: A case study of two estuarine finfish from New South Wales, Australia

Direct ageing of fish can be a laborious and expensive task when age estimates from a large population are required, and often involves a degree of subjectivity. This study examined the application of general and generalized linear models that predict the age of fish from a range of efficiently and objectively measured covariates. The data sampled were from yellowfin bream (Acanthopagrus australis (Sparidae) (Owen, 1853)) and sand whiting (Sillago ciliata (Sillaginidae) Cuvier, 1829) populations from New South Wales, Australia. The covariates evaluated in the models were fish length, otolith weight, sex and location (the estuary from which the fish were sampled). Akaike Information Criteria were used for model selection and residual plots of the final models revealed a satisfactory fit to the observations. The best fitting model for each species included all covariates. An additional investigation considered whether general and generalized linear models that predict age from two different categories of biometric information outperform age-length keys with respect to subsequent estimates of total mortality from catch-curve analysis. The two categories of biometric information differed in the ease and cost with which the information could be collected. The first category only included fish length and location as covariates, whilst the second category also included otolith weight and sex. It was found that traditional age-length keys outperformed the predictive models that estimated age from only fish length and location, because the results from the models were prone to significant bias. However, when otolith weight and sex were added as covariates to the predictive models, some of them, including a generalized linear model with a Poisson-distributed response variable, performed similarly to the age-length key. Given that otolith weight and the sex of fish are cheaper to quantify than age from a sectioned otolith in many situations, general or generalized linear models may represent a cheaper and faster method of estimating mortality compared to age-length keys. Such models can also easily incorporate the influence of spatial, temporal and demographic variation.     

钙离子浓度对丝瓜花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响

采用离体花粉培养技术,对丝瓜花粉萌发过程中钙离子浓度的影响进行了初步研究。结果表明,较低浓度Ca2 +(10 - 3～10 - 5mol/L)提高了丝瓜花粉的萌发率和萌发速度,明显促进了花粉管的生长,其中以Ca2 +为10 - 3mol/L时花粉管生长最快;高浓度钙(10 - 2 mol/L)则显著抑制丝瓜花粉萌发和花粉管生长。     

毛红椿天然林优势种群的种间联结性研究

基于2×2联列表,应用方差分析,χ2统计检验,Ochiai指数,Dice指数和Cramer指数等系列技术,分别对天然毛红椿林群落乔木层树种的总体相关性,乔木层20个优势树种的种间联结显著性和关联强度进行定量的测定。结果表明:该群落多物种总体关联性为显著的正相关,但毛红椿与乔木层植物种间联结性不显著,说明毛红椿的生长与其他乔木树种间没有直接的内在联系。     

香椿叶总黄酮提取方法研究

通过不同的方法提取香椿(Toona sinensis)叶的总黄酮,比较不同提取方法的提取率及提取物中总黄酮的含量,从而探讨最佳提取方法.用70乙醇作溶剂,测定了不同生长期香椿叶的总黄酮含量.     

红椿SSR-PCR体系建立和多态性引物筛选

[目的]本研究旨在建立红椿SSR-PCR最佳反应体系,并筛选适于红椿SSR分析的高多态性引物。[方法]通过L16(45)正交试验设计,确立红椿SSR-PCR最佳反应体系;利用优化后的体系对来自楝科植物的135对SSR引物,在6个不同的红椿居群中进行扩增,筛出能有效扩增的引物并进一步筛选出适于红椿的高多态性引物。[结果](1)10μL基于荧光d UTP的SSR-PCR体系中包含:10×buffer 1.0μL,Taq酶(5 U·μL-1)0.1μL,Mg Cl2(25mmol·L-1)0.8μL,d NTP(200 mmol·L-1)0.025μL,荧光d UTP(1 nmol·μL-1)0.01μL,引物(10 mmol·L-1)0.8μL,DNA模板45 ng剩余用dd H2O补足;(2)筛选出29对能有效扩增的引物,复选后获得了12对适于红椿SSR分析的高多态性引物。[结论]建立了SSR-PCR最佳反应体系并筛选出高多态性引物,为红椿的分子标记等遗传学研究提供了基础。     

红椿SRAP反应体系优化及引物筛选

[目的]优化相关序列扩增多态性(SRAP)体系内的不同组分,建立适用于红椿SRAP分子标记的反应体系,并进一步从SRAP引物组合中筛选出稳定、多态性好的引物组合,为红椿遗传多样性研究奠定试验基础。[方法]针对SRAP-PCR反应体系中5个因素各设置8个水平,先利用单因素试验确定浓度梯度,后在确定的梯度范围内选定4个水平,按照正交试验L16(45)进行优化,结合正交直观分析法和新复极差法对各因素进行优化筛选。[结果]确定最优体系为总体系25μL,模板DNA 25 ng,上下游引物各0.3μmol·L~(-1),Taq DNA聚合酶1U,Mg2+2.5 mmol·L~(-1),d NTP 0.3 mmol·L~(-1)。利用稳定的SRAP-PCR体系,从1 505对SRAP引物组合中筛选出30对优质引物组合。[结论]通过不同种源红椿基因组DNA的重复验证,获得了稳定清晰、多态性较强的扩增条带,表明所确定的最优体系稳定可靠,适用性较强,可用于不同种源红椿遗传多样性研究的后续实验。