狗舌草提取物诱导淋巴细胞性白血病L1210细胞分化的研究

以单猪屎豆碱（MO）、槲皮素（QU）和环磷酰胺（CY）为参照，观察了狗舌草600mL／L乙醇提取物（EX）对淋巴细胞性白血病L1210细胞体外试验的形态变化；利用流式细胞术，从DNA分子水平上检查了EX对L1210细胞各周期相的影响，探讨EX对L1210细胞的分化机理。结果发现，EX能够使L1210细胞向淋巴细胞方向发展；经EX作用24h后，L1210细胞G0＋G1期的百分比较对照组明显升高。提示EX对L1210细胞增殖的抑制作用可能是由于G1期的阻滞所致。     

Storage of Non-structural Carbohydrates in Sweet Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.]: Comparison of Sterile and Fertile Lines

The accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in vegetative parts of sweet sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) represents an intermediate reserve pool for grain filling as well as an irreversible storage up to maturity. In order to study the effect of Sterility on soluble sugar accumulation in vegetative parts, two cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines of sweet sorghum were compared with their corresponding fertile mamtainers for non-structural carbohydrate concentrations in shoots. Plants were harvested at four different physiological stages. The lines showed significant differences in the yield of non-structural carbohydrates. At maturity, the yields of soluble carbohydrates from vegetative parts of the two sterile lines were 93 % and 43 % higher than the yield of the two corresponding fertile lines. At that stage, sucrose represented about 80 % of total soluble carbohydrates and the higher yield of soluble carbohydrates of sterile lines was mainly due to the higher yield of sucrose. This indicates that the yield of extractable carbohydrates, especially sucrose, in vegetative parts of sweet sorghum could be considerably improved by using sterile lines which are utilized in hybrid production.     

陆地棉核雄性不育材料在山东不同地区的育性转变及应用研究

对在山东的济南、平度、莱西、烟台种植的几种陆地棉（Ｇｏｓｓｙｐｉｕｍ　ｈｉｒｓｕｔｕｍＬ．）核雄性不育材料的育性表现进行了研究,结果表明：洞Ａ不育系的衍生材料ＭＢ、ＭＡ在不同气候条件下有育性的变化。在济南高度不育,可作为不育系。在其他几个地区表现不同程度的可育。其中ＭＢ在平度有相当好的育性,能正常结铃。而双隐性核不育材料５９Ａ、６２Ａ未能观察到育性变化。本文就核不育材料在棉花杂交制种中的应用前景及需深入研究的问题作了探讨。     

大白菜细胞核雄性不育基因向自交系97A407的转育

根据复等位基因遗传假说 ,利用大白菜核不育系 9810 9和已知基因型的甲型两用系可育株 99135 2作为不育源 ,以大白菜自交系 97A40 7为目标亲本 ,经过 5个世代的转育 ,获得了具有 97A40 7遗传基因型的新甲型两用系、临时保持系和雄性不育系。     

胞质雄性不育性在叶用芥菜上的利用

以从美国威斯康星大学引进的叶用芥菜胞质雄性不育系叶用4-4为母本,以泰国清迈大学选育出的8个优良叶用芥菜品种为转育父本,杂交后连续回交4代(BC4),再将BC4与优良叶用芥菜品种40R2-3-4配制8个杂交组合,其中2个组合(4-4 × 19-H-12)×40R2-3-4和(4-4 × 2R2)×40R2-3-4结球率为100％,产量比商用品种分别高34％和13％,比其亲本分别高25％和5％。     

Model establishment and biological behaviour observation of mouse blastocyst co-cultured with hepatocarcinoma cell lines with differently invasive and metastatic potential in vitro

AIM: To explore interaction and biological behaviour changes of two kinds of cells-blastocysts and hepatocarcinoma cells in the same microenvironment. METHODS:The models of mouse blastocysts co-cultured with human hepatocarcinoma cell lines were established, then biological behaviours and mutual effects of the two kinds of cells in co-culture system were observed. RESULTS: Compared with control group, hepatocarcinoma cells with differently invasive and metastatic potential significantly enhanced the rates of blastocyst hatchment , attachment and outgrowth(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in those among hepatocarcinoma cells co-cultured groups (P＞0.05). The blastocyst hatched and attached to hepatocarcinoma cells with differently invasive and metastatic potential. Then, differential trophoblasts invaded hepatocarcinoma cells. The clear-cut interfaces were gradually formed between both sides. Hepatocarcinoma cells on interface showed changes of growth direction and cell shapes and did not invade blastocysts. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatocarcinoma cells promoted blastocyst development. Blastocysts implanted and invaded hepatocarcinoma cells with differently invasive and metastatic potential in vitro, which indicate that blastocyst implantation in vitro does not relate with the kinds and differential level of interactional cells and the low selectivity maybe relate with high adaptability of early life.     

油杉花粉个体发育与传粉过程

应用常规压片法和整体染色透明法对油杉小孢子的发生和雄配子体的发育过程进行观察,研究其传粉生物学特征.结果表明:油杉小孢子母细胞在1月26日-2月5日进行减数分裂,在减数分裂过程中胞质分裂为同时型,四分体排列方式多为左右对称型;小孢子经过连续4次有丝分裂后,于2月底形成5-细胞型的成熟花粉粒,成熟花粉由两个原叶细胞、一个不育细胞、一个精原细胞和一个管细胞组成,其中两个原叶细胞在花粉成熟时已退化;经TCC法检验,花粉生活力为92.6%;3月1日-8日为油杉传粉期,3日-5日为传粉高峰;在传粉期间,胚珠珠孔端无传粉滴产生,珠孔端耳状结构边缘粘附有花粉.虽然花粉母细胞发育表现出不同步现象,产生少数具3个或4个气囊的异形花粉,但从小孢子的发生及雄配子体发育的整个过程看,未见败育或其他异常现象,能形成大量正常的成熟花粉,因此,花粉个体发育不是影响油杉结籽率低的主要因素,而造成油杉球果结籽率低的主要原因可能在于其传粉过程.     

茉莉酸甲酯与水杨酸对光温敏雄性不育小麦颖花开闭的调控

为探索雄性不育小麦小花颖壳开闭人工调控的有效途径,将离体穗或连体穗用茉莉酸甲酯(Methyljasmonate,MeJA)或水杨酸(Salicylic acid,SA)溶液浸穗,研究了MeJA与SA对光温敏雄性不育小麦BS366(Triticum aestivum L.)颖花开闭的诱导效应.结果表明,0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 mmol/L MeJA均可显著诱导BS366离体穗开颖,并且诱导效应随浓度的增加而增强;1.0、2.0、4.0 mmol/L MeJA诱导的开颖率无显著差异,三者在处理后12 h内可诱导大部分的小花开颖,并且对低结实率的诱导效应更明显.适播(自交结实率为0%)的BS366对MeJA响应速度起初略快于晚播(自交结实率为7%),之后适播的BS366开颖率的增长呈先慢后快的变化,晚播的BS366则呈先快后慢的变化.4.0 mmol/L MeJA亦可显著诱导田间连体穗开颖,MeJA处理后第1 d和第5 d人工授粉的结实率达80.4%和91.3%,表明MeJA处理对雌蕊无副作用.5.0和10.0 mmol/L的SA对MeJA诱导离体麦穗开颖的效应有明显的抑制效应,而2.0 mmol/L的SA没有抑制效应;各浓度的SA均能显著促进经MeJA诱导开颖的小花闭颖,5.0和10.0 mmol/L SA的效应更为明显.     

两系杂交早稻W两优3418制种技术

根据W两优3418双亲的特征特性,结合湖北的气候特点和制种实践,提出了该组合的主要制种技术.即选好制种基地,确定双亲的最佳抽穗扬花期和播差期,稀播培育壮秧,施足速效底肥,合理行比、插足基本苗,早施重施速效分蘖肥、建立高产群体,做好花期预测和调控,轻施"九二○",适时收获,严把种子质量关.     

水稻无花粉型核不育系特优占S育性特征研究

采用经典遗传学方法,对无花粉型核不育系特优占S的育性特征进行了研究。结果表明,特优占S在湖北夏季不育期长,不育期内属无花粉败育型,不育性稳定,可育转换温度在22℃左右,鉴定结果准确可靠,有明显的育性转换过渡期,即育性转换期是从无花粉型、少量花粉且典败、大量花粉且典败、染败、正常染色等逐步过渡的过程,不育期如受到低温的影响,不会直接转化为可育,可以有效避免普通两系杂交种子生产过程中因低温引起的种子纯度降低问题：长时间的低温和短光照条件方可诱导较高的可育性：可恢复性良好,不育性的遗传符合1对隐性核基因的遗传规律。本研究还对生产上利用无花粉型光敏核不育系解决两系杂交稻的难题进行了探索,对特优占S在花粉发育研究和雄性不育的发育研究上的价值进行了讨论。