Effects of 'Agri-SC' soil conditioner on soil structure and erodibility: some further observations

Abstract. In field and laboratory experiments the conditioner‘Agri-SC’has shown improvements in the structure of loamy sand soils in east Shropshire, UK. It resulted in statistically significant decreases in soil bulk density values and increases in soil porosity and aggregate stability. Further experiments are in progress on both loamy sand and silt loam soils.     

Yield Stability of Winter Wheat (Triticum sp.) Cultivars and Lines

The purpose of this study was to compare responsiveness to environment as well as the stability of newly developed promising lines with traditional commercial cultivars. Subject research was conducted in Ankara between 1983-1989 on common and durum wheat cultivars and lines. Regression coefficient (b) was used as the criterion of genotypes' responsiveness to environment whereas deviation from regression (S²d) and coefficient of determination (r²) were used as stability parameters. Each experiment year was regarded as an environment and yield average of each year was used as the environmental index.
In consequence of the research, it was determined that new varieties with high yield, adaptable to diverse environments could be developed by means of hybridizations between parents having different genetic characteristics which were provided from diverse ecological regions.     

Mangroves as indicators of coastal change

In view of the unique biological characteristics of mangroves, it is interesting to assess the extent to which these ecosystems can be used as indicators of coastal change or sea-level rise. From recent studies of mangrove mortality at several locations (including Guiana, Gambia, Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, India and Bangladesh), it appears that these coastal ecosystems are so specialized that any minor variation in their hydrological or tidal regimes causes noticeable mortality. Each species of mangrove (but particularly those belonging to the genera Rhizophora, Bruguiera, Sonneratia, Heritiera and Nypa) occurs in ecological conditions that approach its limit of tolerance with regard to salinity of the water and soil, as well as the inundation regime. If the duration of daily immersion were to be modified by tectonic, sedimentological or hydrological events, the species either readjusts to the new conditions or succumbs to unsuitable conditions. Consequently, the use of remote sensing data for mangrove ecosystems offers excellent potential as a tool for monitoring coastal change.     

增减施有机肥对红壤性水稻土团聚体稳定性及胶结物的影响

利用具有35a的长期定位试验,在保证原定位试验继续正常开展的前提下,将原化肥处理改施有机肥,原有机肥处理改施化肥或增施有机肥,分析增减施有机肥后耕层土壤团聚体稳定性总有机碳(TOC)及其组分和铁铝氧化物的变化与作用关系,探究胶结物对红壤性水稻土团聚体稳定性变化的影响。结果表明:化肥(CF)及常量有机肥(NOM)处理增施有机肥后,团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)变化不明显,易氧化有机碳(EOC)分别升高87.44%和20.53%;高量有机肥(HOM)及NOM处理减施有机肥后,MWD分别显著降低8.39%和6.80%,高改化(H-C)处理的TOC、轻组有机碳(LFOC)及粗颗粒态有机碳(cPOC)含量显著降低,而常改化(N-C)处理的TOC及其组分变化不明显。无论增施还是减施有机肥,铁铝氧化物含量的变化规律不明显。相关及结构方程模型分析表明,大于0.25mm团聚体含量是影响团聚体稳定性的唯一直接影响因素;影响MWD及大于0.25mm团聚体含量的效应系数由大到小依次为:易氧化有机碳、轻组有机碳、游离氧化铁、络合态铁。因此,大于0.25mm大团聚体在红壤性水稻土的团聚体稳定性中发挥主导作用,有机碳...     

区域土壤水分监测点布设方式探讨

试验在面积为32 km2的封丘潘店乡进行,共布设39个测点,采用烘干法测定土壤含水率来确定合理监测点,通过19次土壤水吸力的监测数据分析得到时间稳定点,并与传统均匀布点进行比较。结果表明,采用时间稳定点作为土壤水吸力的监测点,无论对于研究区平均土壤水吸力值的表征,还是对于其它未布设监测点区域土壤水吸力状况的预测,误差均小于传统的均匀布点方式。为今后墒情监测网的布设提供了一定的参考依据。     

艾比湖流域绿洲稳定性研究

20世纪50年代以来,艾比湖流域绿洲荒漠化过程加剧,绿洲萎缩,稳定性严重失衡。由于绿洲是一个典型的灰色系统。因此,文章在探讨了基于水资源、土壤资源和植被资源表征下艾比湖流域绿洲稳定性变化机理的基础上,利用灰色系统理论的方法对绿洲稳定性的驱动机制进行了研究,诊断并分析了各影响因子在不同表征下对绿洲稳定性的贡献作用大小。结果表明:绿洲内外过度的人为活动是稳定性变化的主导驱动因素,为拓展绿洲学研究的新思路提供了有益的探索。     

Preparation and Characterization of Tilapia Collagen-Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composite Nanofiber Membranes

Marine collagen is an ideal material for tissue engineering due to its excellent biological properties. However, the limited mechanical properties and poor stability of marine collagen limit its application in tissue engineering. Here, collagen was extracted from the skin of tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica). Collagen-thermoplastic polyurethane (Col-TPU) fibrous membranes were prepared using tilapia collagen as a foundational material, and their physicochemical and biocompatibility were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that thermoplastic polyurethane was successfully combined with collagen, and the triple helix structure of collagen was retained. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results showed relatively good compatibility between collagen and TPU.SEM results showed that the average diameter of the composite nanofiber membrane decreased with increasing thermoplastic polyurethane proportion. The mechanical evaluation and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability and tensile properties of Col-TPU fibrous membranes were significantly improved with increasing TPU. Cytotoxicity experiments confirmed that fibrous membranes with different ratios of thermoplastic polyurethane content showed no significant toxicity to fibroblasts; Col-TPU fibrous membranes were conducive to the migration and adhesion of cells. Thus, these Col-TPU composite nanofiber membranes might be used as a potential biomaterial in tissue regeneration.     

不同市售低温巴氏杀菌乳的稳定性研究

随着市售PET瓶装巴氏杀菌乳的脂肪挂壁不良现象的发生,本文对市售不同厂家、不同包装形式、不同杀菌温度以及不同乳脂率的巴氏杀菌乳的稳定性进行了研究调查,通过分液漏斗自然分层和多重光散射仪分别测试分析对比研究了其均质指数和不稳定性指数,结果表明,影响产品稳定性的因素有脂肪含量、保藏时间、保藏温度、产品粒径、杀菌温度。其中,产品的新鲜度影响最大,代表因素是保藏时间和保藏温度,其次是脂肪含量、产品粒径及杀菌温度。结论为现代化的加工手段虽然可以延长货架期,但是脂肪上浮仍然带给消费者不良的感官感受,未来应当着力控制产品终端的温度,缩短低温巴氏杀菌乳的货架时间,标准化产品的脂肪含量,以提高巴氏杀菌乳的综合感官品质。     

光散射技术在4.5%高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂物理稳定性研究中的应用

证明了将光散射技术用于评价水乳剂稳定性的可行性。通过4.5%高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂配方的研制,证明了来自Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪的稳定性参数(SI)可以作为水乳剂稳定性判定的量化指标,其结果与传统的热贮稳定性和冻融稳定性试验结果一致,SI<4.0的4.5%高效氯氰菊酯水乳体系具有稳定性。此外,正交试验结果表明,乳化剂配比对体系的稳定性影响最大,水质和共乳化剂用量的影响相对较小且差异不显著。选定乳化剂配比后,水质和共乳化剂对体系物理稳定性的影响是协同作用的结果,水质可以在较宽的范围内选择,因而可用自来水配制合格的4.5%高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂。     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌JDF-6液态发酵条件优化及抑菌蛋白的分析

为探讨解淀粉芽胞杆菌JDF-6液体发酵条件及抑菌蛋白性质,以菌量和抑菌蛋白粗提液活性为指标,采用单因素和正交试验对菌株的最适发酵培养基成分及发酵条件进行优化,同时通过硫酸铵沉淀法提取抑菌蛋白粗提液,并进行稳定性试验。结果表明,菌株JDF-6最适培养基配比为3.0%蔗糖,1%酵母粉,2%茶渣饼,0.3%硫酸锰;最适发酵条件为发酵时间120 h,发酵温度30℃,初始p H 6.5~7.0,接种量5%,250 m L装液量为100 m L。优化后菌株JDF-6抑菌活性提高51.6%,经50%饱和度硫酸铵沉淀获得的抑菌蛋白的粗提液对蛋白酶、高温(100℃以上)、紫外光(光照8 h以上)敏感,抑菌活性均下降。