温度和叶表化学物质对松杨栅锈菌夏孢子萌发的影响

松杨栅锈菌夏孢子萌发适宜温度范围为10～24℃,最适温度20℃左右。供试的2菌株对温度有不同的依赖性。TH菌株温度适应性范围较宽,GL菌株较窄。在最适温度范围内,供试的2个菌株呈现相同的萌发动力学模式,萌发最大速率出现在4～12h,温度越高,最大萌发速率出现时间越晚,并随时间的延长,萌发速率逐渐减小。在5、30℃,萌发速率有2～3个峰值,第1峰值最大,第2、第3峰值逐渐减小或消失。26℃下峰值呈现过渡型状态,有1个较小的次高峰。供试的2菌株,TH的萌发速率较GL稍高并在出现时间上略前。最适萌发条件下,石油醚、乙醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水的卜氏杨和毛白杨提取物对松杨栅锈菌夏孢子萌发有不同的影响。毛白杨所有提取物在接种12h内,均抑制夏孢子的萌发,而卜氏杨乙醚提取物则促进夏孢子萌发,其余则抑制夏孢子萌发。所有水提取物在接种12h均表现为抑制作用。接种12～24h,2种杨树叶片正丁醇萃取物对夏孢子萌发速率均有一定程度的促进作用。     

储藏期、温度和介质pH对小叶章种子萌发的影响

研究了2种萌发温度、9种介质pH以及3种储藏温度、4种储藏时间对小叶章种子萌发的影响。结果表明,在同一介质pH时,20和25℃处理的种子萌芽率差异不显著。pH值在3~11范围内,小叶章种子都能萌发,但适宜萌发的pH值为7~10,最适为10,最大萌芽率为28%。-22℃储藏10、30和90 d的种子萌芽率较2和20℃下储藏相同天数的种子萌芽率高,在-22或20℃下储藏210 d的种子,其萌发率均较低。-22℃储藏90 d的种子萌芽率最高,为71%。可见,适当的储藏低温和一定的储藏时间能极大地促进小叶章种子的萌发。     

紫彩血蛤低温保活技术研究

[目的]研究紫彩血蛤在低温条件下的保活效果。[方法]以紫彩血蛤为原料,测定了它的冻结曲线并对其在生态冰温区域内和冰块堆积条件下以及不同冷藏温度和湿度下的保活效果进行了比较。[结果]紫彩血蛤的生态冰温区大致在0~-2℃。随着温度的升高,紫彩血蛤的存活率逐渐降低,存活率最高的组为冰温保藏组(-1.5~-0.5℃),在保活10 d后其存活率依然达99%。淡水冰堆积组和4~6℃组保活效果较好,在保活7 d后,两者的存活率均达99%,而且总体表现接近。湿度对紫彩血蛤保活效果有一定的影响,呈正相关性,相对湿度越高越有利于蛤体的存活。[结论]该研究为紫彩血蛤的实际生产应用提供了理论依据。     

小兴安岭沼泽甲烷通量日变化分析

利用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,研究了小兴安岭7种沼泽类型生长季初期、中期、末期甲烷(CH_4)通量的日变化规律,结果表明:小兴安岭沼泽甲烷通量无统一的日变化规律,且与温度和水位两个环境因子的相关性较弱.7个沼泽类型中,仅毛赤杨(Alnus sibirica)沼泽和白桦(Betula platyphylla)沼泽甲烷通量峰值在生长季初期、中期、末期出现的时间大致相同,且都为单峰曲线;苔草(Carex schmidtii)沼泽、灌丛沼泽和落叶松(Larix gmelinii)-泥炭藓(Sphagnum spp.)沼泽甲烷通量的峰值在不同时期出现的时间不同,多数为单峰曲线;落叶松-苔草沼泽和落叶松-藓类沼泽甲烷通量速率较小,多数时间吸收甲烷,没有明显的日变化规律.不同类型沼泽和生长期之间甲烷通量没有统一的日变化规律,说明在进行区域甲烷排放总量的估测时,增加每天的观测频率,或者长期、大量的观测数据可能会对提高估测精度有很大帮助.     

不同包埋干燥方法对几种花材立体干燥花质量的影响

在15、25、35、45℃温度下,用变色硅胶、食盐、变色硅胶与食盐混合物3种干燥剂对月季(Rosa hybrida‘sunny pink’)、洋桔梗(Eustoma grandiflorum)和硫华菊(Cosmos sulphurens)进行包埋干燥,研制立体干燥花。结果表明,温度及干燥剂对3种花卉的包埋干燥质量有一定影响。在试验条件下,月季的较佳包埋干燥工艺为:环境温度15℃,变色硅胶与食盐混合作干燥剂(体积比3∶1),干燥240 h;洋桔梗的较佳包埋干燥工艺为:环境温度45℃,变色硅胶与食盐混合作干燥剂(体积比3∶1),干燥54 h;硫华菊的较佳包埋干燥工艺为:环境温度45℃,变色硅胶与食盐混合作干燥剂(体积比3∶1),干燥8 h。干燥后花材在颜色和形态上与鲜花接近,具有较好的观赏效果。     

The presence of ash as an interference factor in the estimation of the maximum temperature reached in burned soils using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR)

The aim of this work was to assess the effect of the presence of ash on maximum temperature reached (MTR) estimation using near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy. The degree of combustion (ash produced by heating to 100, 300, 500 and 700 °C), the type (ash from Pinus halepensis and Rosmarinus officinalis), and different quantities of ash (0–20% in 2% interval) were evaluated in a soil heated at seven different temperatures (100 °C–700 °C). Results showed that the estimation of MTR on samples with ash, using partial least squares (PLS) models constructed with samples without ash, could be erroneous. Both, ash quantity and degree of combustion affected the estimation of MTR. However, using discriminant analysis, a good classification of samples (> 97% correctly classified) according to the heating temperature classes (unheated, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 °C) was obtained despite the presence of ash.     

腐霉的生长温度与分类

 本文主要报道菌丝生长对温度的反应在腐霉分类鉴定上的意义。研究结果表明:种间对温度的反应差异明显;种内则基本相同,特别是在最高温度方面,按照菌丝生长的最高温度可将中国的腐霉分为4群:32℃群,36℃群,40℃群和44℃群。这可作为鉴定种的重要辅助性状,但由于与其它性状缺乏相关性,因此在系统分类上的意义不明显。     

不同温度、光照及PEG-6000胁迫对南玉带种子萌发的影响

以大庆草原干旱生境下采集的南玉带种子为试材,利用控制试验研究了不同光照、温度及聚乙二醇-6000(PEG-6000)胁迫对种子萌发的影响,为构建南玉带种子育苗高质量的技术流程提供依据。结果表明:15～30℃条件下南玉带种子都能够萌发,种子萌发温度范围具有宽适性,其中25℃为种子萌发最适温度;黑暗条件下种子萌发率达92.78%,较光照条件下萌发率高59.45%,其差异显著,说明黑暗条件较光照更适于种子萌发;南玉带种子萌发过程中随PEG-6000质量分数的升高,其萌发率、萌发指数、活力指数均呈下降趋势,但在PEG-6000质量分数为5%、10%处理下种子仍分别有22.78%、51.11%的萌发率,说明南玉带种子萌发阶段具有一定的抗旱能力。     

白桦和落叶松人工林生长季节土壤CO2排放通量及主要影响因素

利用Li-8100土壤碳通量全自动观测系统对白桦和落叶松人工林林地土壤表面CO2排放通量、地表及地表下10 cm处温度、地表下10 cm处含水率、地表压力的昼夜变化进行了测定.研究结果表明:2个林地土壤CO2排放通量日均值呈明显的季节性变化.由于叶面积指数的影响,白桦林地的土壤CO2排放通量日均值高于落叶松,这一差异在...     

Temperature Relations of Germination in Acer platanoides L. Seeds

The aim of this study was to describe the effect of temperature on the germination response of Acer platanoides L. seeds and the possible influence of dormancy. Moist chilled seeds (fruits) from eight trees were germinated at eight constant temperatures from 3 to 32C for 30 days. The highest germination was obtained at temperatures below 10C and the highest rate of germination was between 22 and 28C. The critical lower temperature for germination was estimated to be -2.6C, and the critical upper temperature between 30 and 35C. Temperatures above 10-15C increasingly inhibited the germination of seeds. Some of the non-germinated seeds were able to germinate after a second chilling period, possibly as a consequence of further release of primary dormancy and an indicated secondary dormancy. Seed survival decreased with increasing temperatures above 15C. The rate of germination was correlated with the accumulated thermal time at suboptimal temperatures. In conclusion, a constant temperature of 10C is recommended for testing the germination of seeds of A . platanoides.