Yield Stability of Winter Wheat (Triticum sp.) Cultivars and Lines

The purpose of this study was to compare responsiveness to environment as well as the stability of newly developed promising lines with traditional commercial cultivars. Subject research was conducted in Ankara between 1983-1989 on common and durum wheat cultivars and lines. Regression coefficient (b) was used as the criterion of genotypes' responsiveness to environment whereas deviation from regression (S²d) and coefficient of determination (r²) were used as stability parameters. Each experiment year was regarded as an environment and yield average of each year was used as the environmental index.
In consequence of the research, it was determined that new varieties with high yield, adaptable to diverse environments could be developed by means of hybridizations between parents having different genetic characteristics which were provided from diverse ecological regions.     

Physiological Analysis of Yield Variation in Mungbean (Vigna radiata [Roxb.] Wilczek)

Two mungbean varieties, Guj-1 and PIMS-1 differing in their productivity potential, were examined to investigate their photosynthetic system at various stages of growth in relation to yield with two different dates of sowing. Vertical leaves were found to be beneficial. On the other hand, excessive leaf area during the later stages of growth may be detrimental to yield. Lower LAD at seedling stage and overall high NAR values may be reflected in higher grain yield. NAR declined as season progressed and this, in turn, may be related with increase in LAI. The grain yield was considerably more at the first date of sowing as compared to second date of sowing, the effect was being more pronounced in var. PIMS-1 . Various environmental factors recorded at two different dates of sowing and at various stages of growth indicated that these factors may have influenced the yield potential at two different dates of sowing.     

Stress parameters and immune response of layers under different cage floor and density conditions

The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effects of cage floor and cage density on stress parameters of laying hens. A total of 162 brown laying hens (Hyline Brown), aged 34 weeks, were used in the experiment. Compact-type battery cages, with three floors, were used. Hens were allocated as one, three or five hens in each of 18 cages to obtain three different cage density groups of 1968, 656 and 393.8 cm² floor area per hen, respectively. The same number of cages with different cage density were allocated to three different battery floors (first floor=top, second=middle, third=bottom) systematically. Values for body weight, mortality rate, egg weight, egg production, egg quality characteristics, egg yolk cholesterol content, the levels of blood plasma corticosterone, serum glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides, the ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (H-L ratio), antibody titers, claw length score, foot health score, plumage score and throat skin injuries were taken as indicators of stress. The values for egg weight (P<0.01) at the first floor were greater than the other floor levels. The group with five hens per cage had significantly lower mean estimates (P<0.01) than other groups with respects to body weight (P<0.001), egg production (P<0.001), egg weight (P<0.001) and plumage score (P<0.01), while significantly higher mean estimates for egg albumen index (P<0.01), Haugh unit (P<0.01), serum glucose (P<0.001), and H-L ratio (P<0.001). Serum cholesterol was higher in cages with one hen than that with five hens, whereas plasma corticosterone was lower. Antibody titers in cages with one hen was similar to that with three or five hens; however, those with three hens had higher titers than those with five hens. Values for egg breaking strength, yolk index, egg cholesterol content, and foot health score were not affected by cage density or floor. The results suggest that the allocation of three hens per cage had no measurable effect on health and welfare.     

隐性白羽肉鸡及其配套地方鸡部分血液生化指标的测定

本试验测定了我校最新育成的隐性白羽肉鸡快慢羽系父系、母系及其配套地方鸡广西黄鸡和文昌鸡主要的血液生化指标。结果表明,四个品系血清总蛋白、白蛋白、葡萄糖、胆固醇、Ca含量接近,血清P、K、Na含量A系最高,显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)高于其它三系,各品系内公母之间母鸡的血Ca均极显著(P<0.01)高于公鸡。血清淀粉酶(AMY)活力和肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)活力B系极显著(P<0.01)高于其它三系,血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活力品系间差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

Impact of cold-season grazing and supplementary feeding on rumen metabolic parameters and micro-organisms in the ewes of Gansu Alpine Fine Wool Sheep北大核心CSCD

An experiment was conducted to scientifically identify the appropriate feed for Gansu Alpine Fine Wool ewes in order to change the animals' breeding mode, which currently can only be mated at the age of 2.5 years due to insufficient nutritional supply. The experiment selected 48 12-month-old ewes and randomly divided them into group a (Diet 1), group b (Diet 2), group c (Diet 3), and a control group with no supplementary feeding. The feed test was run for 90 days. The rumen pH of groups a and b were very significantly higher (P<0.01) or group c significantly lower (P<0.05) than control group. The rumen ammonia nitrogen, protein nitrogen and total nitrogen of groups a, b and c were all higher than control group (P<0.01). The total volatile fatty acids of group a and b were all higher than the control group (P<0.01), group b significantly higher than group c (P<0.05). The molar ratio of acetic acid and propionic acid in group a was very significantly higher than control group (P<0.01), group b and c were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). The molar ratio of butyric acid in group a was very significantly higher than group c (P<0.01). The ratio of acetic acid and propionic acid in group b was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). The number of several rumen fiber-degrading bacteria and protozoa in groups a, b and c were very significantly (P<0.01) or significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control. In conclusion, this study shows that supplementary feeding can positively affect the rumen metabolic parameters and the number of several rumen microorganisms in Gansu Alpine Fine Wool ewes. In general, the effects of Diet 1 were the strongest, while Diet 2 also produced notable improvements. © 2018, Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻适宜生长条件及叶绿素荧光特性的对比

为探究东海原甲藻（Prorocentrum donghaiense）和中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）两种赤潮高发藻适宜生长条件及叶绿素荧光参数的差异,选取温度（17、20、23、26 ℃）、光照[40、80、120、160 μmol photons /（m²·s）]、磷酸盐（0.1、1.0、5.0、10.0 μmol/L）、初始生物量（1×10⁴、3×10⁴、5×10⁴、7×10⁴ cells/mL）等4个因素4水平试验进行室内培养实验。结果表明,对两种微藻叶绿素a峰值质量浓度产生极其显著影响的是磷酸盐（P<0.01）,光照、温度、初始生物量未产生显著影响。磷酸盐添加表明,在0.1、1.0 μmol/L低磷环境中,东海原甲藻生物量及稳定性高于中肋骨条藻,高初始生物量消耗磷酸盐后东海原甲藻能够继续生存,中肋骨条藻则细胞丰度持续衰落;在5.0和10.0 μmol/L高磷环境中,中肋骨条藻较东海原甲藻增殖最快,生物量更高。东海原甲藻的荧光参数F_v/F_m、α较中肋骨条藻稳定,表明其光合活性稳定;更小的细胞体积和更大的比表面积使中肋骨条藻于培养初期快速达到峰值,表明其对磷酸盐利用能力强。10.0 μmol/L磷酸盐浓度组,4个荧光参数最大,光合活性最强,更容易发生赤潮。东海原甲藻的光合活性主要受光照的影响,中肋骨条藻的光合活性更大程度受磷酸盐、光照的影响。     

超声提取-气相色谱法测定土壤1,9-癸二醇

1,9-癸二醇是由水稻根系分泌物中发现的一种新型生物硝化抑制剂,在农业生产中可提高氮肥利用率,减少氮素损失。为建立一套超声波提取-气相色谱检测土壤中1,9-癸二醇的方法,分别对超声波提取条件(提取剂、提取次数、液料比、超声时间)和气相色谱检测参数(进样口温度、检测器温度、升温程序)进行研究。结果表明,超声波提取土壤1,9-癸二醇的最佳方法为甲醇作为提取剂超声提取1次,液料比40mL·g^–1,超声时间30 min。气相色谱Agilent8890测定1,9-癸二醇的最佳条件为进样口温度250℃;氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)温度310℃;升温程序:初始柱温60℃,保持2 min,以20℃·min^–1的速率升至150℃,然后以3℃·min^–1的速率升至180℃,保持2 min,最后以20℃·min^–1的速率升至270℃。在最佳提取和测定条件下,不同浓度1,9-癸二醇的加标回收率为90.58%～94.55%。超声提取-气相色谱法检测限低、灵敏度和精密度高,快速高效、重复性好,为今后1,9-癸二醇的实际应用工作...     

滴灌下氮盐交互对加工番茄荧光特性及产量品质的影响

【目的】新疆有着全中国最大面积的盐碱地和加工番茄的种植基地。在新疆开展两年试验以研究加工番茄在氮盐交互下生长、生理、产量和品质的变化规律,获得适宜新疆盐碱地种植加工番茄的合理施氮量和土壤盐分范围,为新疆扩大加工番茄种植面积和合理施氮提供科学的理论依据及技术途径。【方法】试验于2017和2018年在石河子大学现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验基地进行,以当地主栽品种3166为试验材料,2017年试验共设置4个土壤含盐量水平:1.5、4.0、7.0和10.0 g·kg^-1及4个氮素水平:201、166、131和96 kg·hm^-2,2018年在2017年的基础上去除10.0 g·kg^-1的土壤含盐量,增加5.0 g·kg^-1的土壤含盐量和不施氮量处理。试验测定和分析加工番茄的荧光叶绿素参数、产量和品质指标。【结果】在氮盐交互下,加工番茄荧光参数及产量等指标均呈现出复杂的变化规律。绝大多数的荧光参数及产量受土壤盐分的主导作用较氮素强,在同等氮素水平下,7.0 g·kg^-1和10.0g·kg     

Comparative analysis of evaluation parameters in E. acervulina,E. maxima and E. tenella-infected broilers

Three parameters, body weight gain (BWG), intestinal lesion score (LS) and fecal oocyst shedding, were compared in broilers infected with major parasitic species; Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella. First, two- and three-week-old chickens with Eimeria infection showed LS of approximately 3, but two-week-old chickens were more correlated with BWG. Second, significant differences in BWG were observed between male and female broilers challenged with Eimeria. Finally, E. maxima-infected broilers among three Eimeria species showed a higher relationship between BWG and LS, suggesting three considerations such as genders, age and Eimeria species for Eimeria experiments.     

覆膜对宁南山区马铃薯光合特性和产量的影响

以青薯9号原种为材料,采用大田单因素随机区组设计,以不覆膜为对照,研究了覆盖黑膜和白膜对马铃薯光合特性、荧光参数、干物质积累以及产量的影响。结果表明：与不覆膜相比,覆膜条件下马铃薯净光合速率提高0.4~3.0个百分点,气孔导度和胞间CO₂浓度平均增加31.45%和6.58%,Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、PI分别提高了2.47%、12.18%、20.93%;蒸腾速率在马铃薯生育前期覆膜比不覆膜降低20.82%,而后期却比对照增加8.55%,热耗散量子比率Fo/Fm覆膜较不覆膜处理降低7.11%,差异达显著水平;覆膜比不覆膜处理条件下马铃薯干物质积累量增加0.25~1.86个百分点,大薯率和中薯率分别增加33.78%,15.73%,每公顷产量增加43.08%,其中黑膜处理的各项指标优于白膜,黑膜比白膜和不覆膜增产16.86%、54.20%,差异达显著水平。因此,覆膜处理可以显著提高马铃薯的光合性能、荧光参数和产量,有效缓解干旱等逆境引起的马铃薯的衰老,减轻干旱对马铃薯的危害。在宁南山区,马铃薯采用黑色地膜覆盖栽培技术具有延缓叶片衰老和增加产量的作用。