国家奶牛良种补贴项目在泾阳县实施的成效与启示

为今后奶牛改良工作成果的巩固和推广提供依据,对国家奶牛良种补贴项目在泾阳实施的效果与措施进行总结.结果表明:累计使用良种冷冻精液细管23.7万支,生产改良奶牛3.15万头,且已有1.1万头的优质母牛已正式进入产奶阶段.良种补贴后代奶牛的头胎日产奶量达到27 kg左右,比同期母亲日产奶量高2 kg～3 kg;生奶平均乳...     

白狼林业局森林抚育补贴试点实施方案

2009年国家启动了森林抚育补贴试点工作,文章就白狼林业局森林抚育补贴试点实施方案所涉及的内容进行了叙述。     

The influence of land-use practices and economics on plant species richness in meadows

Thirty-one meadows were investigated within five sites representing various farming styles found in Austrian cultural landscapes. The meadows were analysed regarding (a) biodiversity (vascular plant and bryophyte species richness), (b) land-use practices (fertiliser input, mowing intensity, the use of silage), and (c) economic aspects (variable costs, profit margin and subsidies per ha). There were significant negative correlations between plant species richness and mowing intensity and intensity of fertiliser application. Bryophytes were good indicators of low nutrient regimes, having high species richness at low fertiliser input. Vascular plants showed highest species richness at an intermediate nitrogen supply. The total plant species richness decreased with increasing nitrogen supply. Intensive silage production was also negatively correlated with plant diversity. Species with a very narrow ecological niche of soil moisture and nutrients declined, whereas species adapted to wider ecological conditions increased. Profit margin and variable costs correlated negatively with plant species richness, with meadows that offered low or no profit margins showing highest species richness. There was no significant relationship between species richness and the amount of subsidies invested at the study meadows. Estimated costs of maintaining a species are shown. It is concluded that if plant species richness are to be maintained in these meadows, farmers have to receive increased financial incentives through agro-environmental subsidies for appropriate meadow management, and these have to be linked to clearly defined measures.     

基于Android手机的农机作业补贴监管信息采集

为了提高农机作业补贴的客观性和监管效率,开发了一种基于Android手机的农机作业信息采集系统。采用摄像头Intent、Service组件和Alarm Manager服务设计图像采集模块,基于Android平台的GPS技术设计作业量统计模块,采用Http通信协议设计数据传输模块,并集成为信息采集APP。应用试验表明,输入农机编号、拍照间隔、定位间隔和农机宽度参数,即可自动、实时地获取作业时间、地理位置、田间图像和作业亩数等信息,并通过无线传输或人工读取SD卡2种方式将作业信息移交到相关管理部门。该系统操作简便,信息准确,实时性强,为政府部门进行农机作业补贴提供了便捷、可靠的核算和监管依据。     

京郊失地农民补偿探讨

失地问题已成为京郊农民上访的主流.据调查,京郊失地农民获得占地补偿低且不及时到位是造成上访量大的主要原因.京郊失地农民获得的补偿额无法满足他们的长期稳定生活.所以,京郊失地农民既应获得农地使用权的补偿又应获得保障补偿.     

西吉县农机购置补贴的作用及建议

在国家强农惠农政策支持下,西吉县积极争取国家农机购置补贴资金,提升农机化作业、农业装备水平,为增产增收、实现集约化生产奠定物质、技术基础.     

农业补贴对农村家庭创业的影响研究——基于中国家庭金融调查的实证分析

在“双创”背景下,农村家庭创业对改善民生、促进经济结构转型升级和践行乡村振兴战略具有重要意义。本文基于2017年中国家庭金融调查的数据,分析了农业补贴对农村家庭创业决策的影响和路径机制。结果表明:农业补贴会显著抑制农村家庭创业,相较于雇主型创业,对自雇型创业的抑制作用更大;从差异性分析来看,农业补贴会明显降低弱社会网络和粮食主产区家庭创业的概率;从区域差异性来看,西部地区的农业补贴对创业的抑制作用最明显,中部和东部地区的影响程度较弱。进一步的路径分析表明,农业补贴通过增加家庭收入、抑制土地流出、促进土地流入和扩大土地经营规模来改变家庭的农业生产经营决策,从而削弱农村家庭创业的意愿。据此,本文提出应逐步由普惠型农业补贴向差异化补贴转变,鼓励年轻人参与创业;活跃农村金融市场,缓解信贷约束;共享社会网络资源,实现创业带动就业的良性互动循环,以此提升农村地区的创业活力。     

提高培育后备森林资源的科技含量实现数字化林业的目标

文章就如何提高森林资源质量问题,发挥后备资源的最大生态和经济效益,提出了解决途径和具体的工作思路。     

私有林直接补贴方案及额度计算——以福建南平地区杉木为例

私有林直接补贴的目的就是要在依靠市场对资源配置起基础性作用的前提下,通过补贴来矫正市场调节造成的偏差。根据影响林农营林经济效益的主要因素建议直接补贴应分区域以树种为类别进行,其补贴额度为林农营林投资必要报酬率与林农营林所获平均投资报酬率的差额。以福建南平地区杉木为例,测算其每年每公顷的补贴额度约为54元。