“中国四库学高层论坛”会议综述

2016年6月5-6日，由湖南大学岳麓书院主办的“中国四库学高层论坛”在岳麓书院举行，会议共收到论文45篇，与会专家学者围绕四库学研究的历史、《四库全书》的编纂、《四库总目》与学术、《四库总目》的考证与纠谬补缺及四库学的问题作了深入讨论。     

生计资本视角下农户生计策略变动及影响因素研究 ——基于CFPS四期追踪数据

农户的生计策略在乡村振兴进程中正在和即将发生变化,只有对农户生计策略的变化做出正确的判断,才能够有效引导农户生计行为,破除乡村建设行动的各种阻力。基于可持续生计理论,利用CFPS四期追踪数据,运用转移概率矩阵和Logit回归模型,分析农户生计策略变动及其影响因素,并运用分位数回归方法验证稳健性。结果表明,不同生计策略农户的生计资本结构存在差异,无论何种生计策略的农户,人力资本在5种资本中都最大。短期内多数农户选择维持原有生计策略,动态调整过程较慢,有土地转入的农户更倾向于选择非务工型生计策略。社会资本对农户趋务工型策略变动具有显著的正向影响,农户受教育年限和健康对生计策略变动具有正向影响。与东部地区农户相比,中西部地区农户更倾向于选择务工型生计策略。因此,应加大农村产业多样化的投入力度,促进农户策略转变速度;鼓励农民参与土地流转;建立健全农户参与农村基层社会治理机制,推动农户社会资本积累;扩大对农村教育与医疗的投入力度。     

海南省农业科研机构人才队伍建设研究

文章通过分析海南省5家主要农业科研机构人才队伍建设现状,对比南方13个省农业科技人才情况,归纳出制约海南省农业科技人才发展的主要问题,并提出加强人才规划、完善激励机制、建立健全考核评价机制等8项措施,以促进农业科研机构人才队伍更加合理和优化,从而更好地为海南省农业发展提供智力支撑。     

Incorporation of Maize Gluten in Supplementary Feed and its Impact on Growth and Flesh Quality of Some Carps

Maize gluten (a byproduct from the starch industry) was used at four different levels (5, 10, 15 and 20% w/w) replacing the fish meal, a component of supplementary diet, under a semi-intensive culture system. The impact of different diets on the physico-chemical parameters of water, growth and flesh quality of catla, Catla catla; rohu, Labeo rohita; and mrigal, Cirrhina mrigala was studied. Growth in terms of body weight gain was highest when fed a diet having 5% maize gluten (replacing fish meal at 25% level) for all the fish species. However, incorporation of maize gluten at higher levels led to decline in growth, since maize gluten is deficient in essential amino acids like methionine, lysine and threonine, etc. The flesh quality in terms of total protein, total lipid, total sugar, moisture and total ash was also determined at the termination of the experiment to see whether there was any significant variation with the incorporation of maize gluten or not.     

武陵山区杂交水稻育种目标与策略初探

针对武陵山区气候生态条件复杂的特点,以市场为导向,结合多年育种实践,提出武陵山区杂交水稻育种目标:在以"优质高产多抗广适"为总体育种目标的基础上,以不育系和恢复系的米质和抗性选育为突破口,重点开展抗稻瘟病和耐寒育种,达到优质高产多抗广适的有机统一.实现该目标的主要策略是:充分发掘和利用优异种质资源,加强区内育种单位之间的协作,建立多病圃对种质资源、亲本和组合进行联合鉴定筛选,通过病区胁迫选择、非病区选择与高海拔基地抗寒性鉴定相结合育成符合育种目标的新组合.经过多年努力,成功地鉴定或育成了一批优质抗病的恢复系、不育系和杂交组合,并相继通过各级水稻品种审定.     

道在求其通,解经须性灵——一代通儒焦循的经学思想

文章从“考据不是经学”、“实测与贯通”、“惟经学可以言性灵”三个层面,探讨了乾嘉学者焦循的经学思想。文章指出:焦循对当时“考据”学风的批评,体现了当时经学信仰与学术客体之间的某种紧张。焦循提倡实测与贯通,则开创了一种注重过程研究的经学研究方法。焦循强调无性灵不可言经学,走上了经学与子学的整合之路,为乾嘉以后经学研究转向多元化提供了新的经学诠释理论。     

玉米优良自交系D黄212的选育研究

以11个国外亲缘白粒玉米中晚熟地方品种或品系为基础群体,人工合成D团综合种选系集团,利用集团选系自D114与黄早4杂交,经10a分离选择,育成D黄212自交系.D黄212唐山夏播生育期88～90 d,一般产量4 500～5 250 kg/hm2,接种鉴定大、小斑病0.5-1级,青枯病株率0～16.5%,矮花叶病株率0,粗缩病0级.用该系选配杂交种15个,表现早熟、高产、抗病,其中已通过审定的品种4个,主要分布于冀、京、津、豫、鲁、辽、吉、蒙、黑、新等省市自治区,累计推广面积100万hm²。     

Desperately seeking diarrhoea: outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome caused by emerging sorbitol-fermenting shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H-, Germany, 2009

Infection with sorbitol-fermenting Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H- (sf STEC O157:H-) is rare, but emerging in Europe. The pathogen is typically isolated from paediatric patients with life-threatening haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). It is unclear whether this observation primarily reflects the pathogen's virulence or its complex laboratory diagnosis, not routinely conducted in diarrhoeal patients. In summer 2009, four boys living in the same suburb in Germany developed diarrhoea-associated HUS: three were infected by sf STEC O157:H- and one died. We conducted two analytical epidemiological studies, an extensive search for diarrhoeal cases in potentially exposed groups, and an environmental investigation. Outbreak cases were residents of the suburb diagnosed with HUS, sf STEC O157:H- infection, or both between 24 July 2009 and 25 August 2009. Overall, we ascertained eight cases with a median age of 4 years (range: from 8 months to 9 years). Stool screening of 220 persons led to the identification of only four additional cases: two asymptomatic carriers and two diarrhoeal cases. HUS was strongly associated with visiting a local playground in July, particularly on 16th July (odds ratio = 42.7, P = 0.002). No other commonality, including food, was identified, and all environmental samples (n = 24) were negative. In this localized non-foodborne outbreak, the place of likely infection was a local playground. Sf STEC O157:H- infection apparently limits itself rarely to diarrhoeal illness and progresses frequently to HUS. Therefore, detection of and response to this hypervirulent pathogen primarily relies on HUS surveillance.     

外语院校图书馆外文文献资源建设策略

针对外文文献价格不断上涨,而外语院校师生对外文文献需求不断增加的情况下,就外文文献资源建设提出了几点建议：共建共享外语院校图书馆文献资源;加强CASHL、CALIS文献传递服务;与国外高校直接建立文献传递业务;选受外文原版赠书;开展国际书刊交换。     

辽宁省级农业科研单位科技推广项目技术效率研究——基于辽宁省农业科学院372个农业科技推广项目

文章以辽宁省农业科学院2012~2014年372个农业科技推广项目为样本,运用DEA模型测算农业推广总技术效率和Tobit模型分析影响农业科技推广技术效率的因素。研究结果表明:省级农业科研单位技术推广纯技术效率较高、规模效率不理想,导致总技术效率不高;项目级别、推广模式是影响农业科技推广技术效率的主要因素。在此基础上,提出扩大农业技术推广规模、创新农业技术推广模式等建议。