条纹石鮨摄食强度与代谢及能量收支间的关系

设日摄食率为０．４％、１．５％、４．０％三种水平,分别测定条纹石鱼旨Ｍｏｒｏｎｅｓａｘａｔｉｌｉｓ幼鱼的代谢及能量的收支情况。处于饱食（日摄食率４．０％）及维持状态（日摄食率１．５％）下,该鱼代谢率增加的峰值分别于摄食后３ｈ及７ｈ内出现,为静止时代谢水平的２．１０倍和２．４６倍,ＳＤＡ（特殊动力作用）持续时间均为２１ｈ,ＳＤＡ总耗能量分别占摄入能的１３％和３５．８％。条纹石鱼旨在饱食时的转化效率Ｋ（湿重）为２０．８５％。三种摄食水平下条纹石鱼旨的能量收支方程分别为：饱食状态（日摄食率４．０％）时,１００Ｃ＝８．４Ｆ＋７．８Ｕ＋１３．０ＳＤＡ＋３６．９（Ｒｓ＋Ｒａ）＋３３．９Ｇ;维持状态（日摄食率１．５％）时,１００Ｃ＝７．８Ｆ＋４．１Ｕ＋３５．８ＳＤＡ＋５２．３（Ｒｓ＋Ｒａ）,其中Ｇ＝０;减重状态（日摄食率０．４％）时,（Ｆ＋Ｕ＋Ｒ）／（Ｃ＋Ｐ１）＝６７．３％,其中Ｃ＋Ｐ１＝１４．４Ｃ＋８５．６Ｐ１,Ｆ＋Ｕ＋Ｒ＝１．８Ｆ＋８．１Ｕ＋５７．４Ｒ。     

Evaluation of feed utilization and growth performance of juvenile striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fed diets with varying inclusion levels of corn gluten meal

A nutrition trial with striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) juveniles was undertaken to evaluate the effect of replacing dietary fishmeal (FM) protein with corn gluten meal (CGM). A diet with FM as the main protein source was used as the control diet (FM). Five experimental diets (approximately 320 g kg^?1 crude protein) were formulated to progressively replace 20% (CGM20), 40% (CGM40), 60% (CGM60), 80% (CGM80) and 100% (CGM100) of FM protein. Fifteen fish per tank (initial weight 11.2 ± 0.6 g) were randomly distributed into 18 80‐litre fibreglass tanks connected to a closed recirculation system (temperature 30.3 ± 1.0 °C). The diets were tested in triplicate for 12 weeks. The final weight and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed diets CGM20, CGM40 and CGM60 were not significantly different compared to fish fed the FM diet. Feed intake (FI) tended to decrease with increasing dietary CGM level. Striped catfish fed FM, CGM20 and CGM40 had significantly lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with fish fed CGM80 and CGM100 (P < 0.05). The protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed the CGM80 and CGM100 diets was significantly lower than those of all other treatments (P < 0.05). Total ammonia‐nitrogen (TAN) excretion increased with elevated dietary CGM inclusion. The viscerosomatic index (VSI) of fish fed the CGM80 and CGM100 diets were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of fish fed the other treatments. The crude lipid content in the final body composition of the striped catfish was elevated significantly with increasing dietary CGM levels. Fish fed the CGM80 and CGM100 diets displayed haematocrit levels significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those fed the other diets. The haemoglobin content in fish was significantly higher in fish fed CGM20 and lower at CGM100 compared to fish fed the FM diet. The results of the present trial indicated that the optimum level of FM protein replacement with CGM determined by quadratic regression analysis was 25.1% on the basis of maximum SGR.     

70%噻虫嗪种子处理可分散粉剂防治油菜黄条跳甲药效试验

以70%噻虫嗪种子处理可分散粉剂为试材,每100kg种子用药量分别为140g、280g、560g、840g（有效成分量）,用4个供试剂量防治油菜黄条跳甲,防治效果为74.7%～79.3%,对照药剂60%高巧悬浮种衣剂防效为76.2%。对校正防效进行方差分析后表明,70%噻虫嗪种子处理可分散粉剂4个供试剂量之间无任何差异,与对照药剂60%高巧悬浮种衣剂之间也无任何差异。考虑防治成本,70%噻虫嗪种子处理可分散粉剂防治油菜田黄条跳甲推荐使用剂量为100kg种子140g。     

浅谈黄曲条跳甲的发生规律及防治方法

近年来黄曲条跳甲对青海省海西地区油菜作物危害越来越严重,通过观测调查,掌握了黄曲条跳甲的生活史和习性,并提出防治对策。     

Quality of Mince from Alaska Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) Frames

The quality and frozen stability of minces produced from Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) frames were compared against commercially produced fillet mince. Fresh frame mince had a higher defect level, lower nutritional content, and darker color. Cooked frame mince had a softer texture than commercial mince. After 6 mo frozen storage, frame mince had deteriorated to where it had unacceptable color, flavor and cooked texture. Rancidity increased more rapidly in frame mince than commercial fillet mince. Blending frame mince at levels of 10% to 20% with commercial mince produced acceptable fresh quality but marginal frozen storage stability.     

噻虫嗪防治油菜籽苗期黄条跳甲的药效试验

以十字花科油菜籽为试材,应用常规种子拌种包衣的方式,以1 kg种子用600 g/L吡虫啉悬浮种衣剂有效成分4.2 g为药剂对照,进行了1 kg种子用70％噻虫嗪种子处理可分散粉剂有效成分280 g和350 g以及40％噻虫嗪悬浮种衣剂有效成分280 g和350 g对油菜籽苗期黄条跳甲防治效果的田间试验。结果表明：使用70％噻虫嗪种子处理可分散粉剂和40％噻虫嗪悬浮种衣剂有效成分280 g和350 g进行油菜籽种子包衣,均能有效防治油菜籽苗期黄条跳甲的为害。其中,70％噻虫嗪种子处理可分散粉剂有效成分用量为350 g时防效最高,40％噻虫嗪悬浮种衣剂有效成分用量为350 g时防效次之,且这2个药剂处理的持效期均长,防治效果均好。该技术可以在防治油菜籽及其他十字花科蔬菜苗期黄条跳甲上大面积推广使用。     

低温和限食对黑线仓鼠贮食行为的影响

贮食行为是动物在应对环境变化为度过食物短缺期,或为交配、繁殖后代而储备食物的生存策略。为探究季节性环境因子变化和食物资源对黑线仓鼠(Cricetulus barabensis)贮食行为的影响,本文测定了温度光周期、动物性别、限食对该物种贮食量、摄食量、体重等指标的影响。结果显示,雄性黑线仓鼠的体重、摄食量及贮食量均显著高于雌性;在类似于晚秋的低温等光照(10℃±2℃,L∶D=12∶12)条件下驯化1周,会诱导雄性个体体重降低,但摄食量不变,雌性个体则增加摄食量维持体重不变,雌雄的贮食量均不变;每日在白天时段限食可以降低雌性动物体重,但对其贮食量、摄食量无显著影响。结论,黑线仓鼠雌雄两性在低温和食物短缺条件下的能量对策不同。雌性由于体型较小,身体内不能贮存足量脂肪用于能量供应,在类似于晚秋的低温环境下只能通过增加摄食量以满足体温维持的能量需要,但由于受到身体消化吸收能力的生理限制,无法满足维持严寒条件下恒温的能量需求,因此体型较小的雌性个体会采取蛰眠的策略;雄性则由于相对较大的体型,身体贮存较多的可动员能量,且比雌性贮存更多的食物,这可能是其冬季能维持恒温,不蛰眠的原因。     

条纹石鱼旨生物学的初步研究

简单介绍了条纹石鱼旨的形态特征、食性、繁殖习性等生物学。     

Swimming ability of pre-feeding striped bass larvae

Swimming ability and changes in shape of striped bass (Moronesaxatilis) larvae were measured daily for the first 5 dpost-hatch. The critical swimming speed increased from 0.54 cm/s(1.3 body lengths per second (bl/s)) on day 1 to 2.64 cm/s (4.3bl/s) on day 5. The post-anal larval length represented 60% of thetotal length increase over this time. The use of critical swimming speed tocalculate acceptable drainage screen areas and through-screen velocities forlarval rearing tanks is demonstrated.     

花皮无籽西瓜新品种花花牛的选育

花花牛无籽西瓜是根据西瓜生产和市场需求,用MD03-6×MD05-8杂交选育而成的中熟花皮无籽西瓜新品种。全生育期106d,果实发育期35d,圆形果,果皮灰绿覆墨绿色锯齿条带,条纹清晰;瓜瓤红色,质脆汁多,无空心;品质优,中心可溶性固形物含量10.6%～11.83%。平均单果质量4.5kg,平均667m2产量2510.0kg,高产地块在3500kg以上。田间表现植株易坐果,轻感炭疽病,较耐病毒病、枯萎病。适宜我国华北、东北、西北等广大瓜区种植。