加工番茄光合日变化及影响因子的研究

用Li-6400和同化箱对加工番茄G-2单叶和群体光合日变化进行测定并对输出数据加以研究分析.结果表明:G-2光合日变化曲线呈双峰型并具有"午睡"现象;与日变化显著相关的影响因子有气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率和大气CO2浓度,最主要的影响因子是气孔导度,气孔导度大净光合速率就高,可为田间栽培和高光效育种提供理论依据.     

国际水稻研究所新株型水稻的气孔特性

 在盆栽条件下比较了 4种国际水稻研究所水稻新株型和 4种籼稻的气孔频率、气孔阻力和光合速率。结果表明 ,新株型的气孔频率显著低于籼稻 ,而气孔阻力高于籼稻 ,导致胞间CO2 浓度减小 ,光合作用的气孔限制增大。在正常生长条件下 ,新株型的光合速率低于籼稻品种 ,并且与气孔阻力呈显著负相关     

叶面喷施抗蒸剂对苹果树水分状态的影响

研究了叶面喷施抗蒸剂对盆栽苹果水分状态的影响。结果表明：抗旱剂一号（主要成分为黄腐酸）可明显降低树体蒸腾（最低时为对照的３９．２１％）、提高气孔阻力（最大时为对照的２４３．９６％）和叶片水势（一般比对照提高０．２－０．４ＭＰａ、最大０．７ＭＰａ），并对叶温未产生明显的影响（变化一般小于１℃），有效作用期长达１５ｄ以上。在果树旱期喷施，可明显改善树体水分状态。腐殖酸效果不明显。     

Trade-offs between water-use related traits,yield components and mineral nutrition of wheat under Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE)

This study investigated trade-offs between parameters determining water use efficiency of wheat under elevated CO₂ in contrasting growing seasons and a semi-arid environment. We also evaluated whether previously reported negative relationships between nutrient content and transpiration efficiency among wheat genotypes will be maintained under elevated CO₂ conditions. Two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Scout and Yitpi, purportedly differing in water use efficiency related traits (e.g. transpiration efficiency) but with common genetic backgrounds were studied in a high yielding, high rainfall (2013), and in a low yielding, very dry growing season (2014) under Free-Air CO₂ Enrichment (FACE, CO₂ concentration of approximately 550 μmol mol⁻¹) and ambient (approximately 390 μmol mol⁻¹) CO₂. Gas exchange measurements were collected diurnally between stem elongation and anthesis. Aboveground biomass and nutrient content (sum of Ca, K, S, P, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and Mg) were determined at anthesis. Yield, yield components and harvest index were measured at physiological maturity. Cultivar Scout showed transiently greater transpiration efficiency (measured by gas exchange) over cultivar Yitpi under both ambient and elevated CO₂ conditions, mainly expressed in the high yielding but not in the low yielding season. Nutrient content was on average 13% greater for the lower transpiration efficiency cultivar Yitpi than the cultivar with higher transpiration efficiency (Scout) in the high yielding season across both CO₂ concentrations. Elevated CO₂ stimulated grain yield to a greater extent in the high yielding season than in the low yielding season where increased aboveground biomass earlier in the season did not translate into fertile tillers in cultivar Yitpi. Yield increased 27 and 33% in the high yielding and 0 and 19% in the low yielding season for cultivars Yitpi and Scout, respectively. Intraspecific variation in CO₂ responsiveness related mechanisms of grain yield were observed. These results suggest CO₂-driven trade-offs between traits governing water use efficiency are related to both growing season and intraspecific variations, and under very dry finishes, the trade-offs may even reverse. The negative relationship between nutrient content and transpiration efficiency among wheat genotypes will be maintained under elevated CO₂ conditions.     

大豆光合午休原因的分析

研究了大豆光合午休过程中有关生理生态因素与光合速率的函数关系，并对叶温、叶片-大气水汽压亏缺（VPD）、气孔导度与光合速率之间的关系进行了通径分析。结果表明在光合午休的13：00时与15：00时这两个时刻，光合速率与VPD、叶温和气孔阻力呈极显著负相关，15：00时光合速率随VPD和叶温上升而下降的速率要大于13：00时的下     

Canopy temperature on clear and cloudy days can be used to estimate varietal differences in stomatal conductance in rice

Leaf photosynthetic potential, a major determinant of yield potential in rice, is mostly explained by stomatal conductance (g_s) as well as leaf N content (Rubisco protein content). Therefore, the rapid and precise evaluation of g_s as well as leaf N content would be a valuable addition to rice breeding programs aimed at improved yield potential. We established a simple method based on infrared thermography to estimate varietal differences in g_s. Seven rice varieties were cultivated in two-row plots in 2007, and canopy temperatures in three varieties, including a control variety, Koshihikari, were simultaneously measured to determine canopy temperature difference (CTd) between Koshihikari and the other varieties on clear days. The varieties Takanari, Habataki, and TUAT1-5-6a displayed significantly (P < 0.05) lower leaf temperature and higher g_s and leaf photosynthetic rate (P_n) than Koshihikari. CTd was closely correlated with g_s and P_n. These results indicate that CTd may be useful as a relative index to estimate varietal differences in g_s. A significant CTd was still observed even under cloudy conditions in 2008. Takanari and TUAT1-5-6a had lower leaf temperature than Koshihikari on cloudy days as well as on clear days. Subsequent investigation of photosynthetic light response curves revealed that Takanari and TUAT1-5-6a had higher g_s and P_n than Koshihikari under lower irradiance. These results suggest that infrared thermography may be a simple method of evaluating varietal differences in g_s through CTd, and that it may be practicable even under cloudy conditions.     

植物δ~(13)C与土壤盐分的关系研究综述

稳定碳同位素组成(δ13C)综合反映了植物的生理生态特征,可用于研究植物生理与生态环境之间的关系。大多数研究认为植物δ13C值随盐度增加而变重。盐分主要通过影响C3植物叶片气孔传导、光合作用等生理活动,使植物δ13C值发生变化。而有些植物为适应盐分胁迫可能发生光合途径的转换,使C3代谢转换成C4或CAM代谢,导致植物某些器官的δ13C值发生变化,而植株整体δ13C值变化较小。由于植物δ13C与土壤盐分的关系还受其他环境因素的影响以及室内试验的有限性,因此进一步扩大盐度梯度范围,延长盐处理时间以及开展大田试验显得很有必要。     

大气CO2浓度升高对茶树光合生理特性的影响

通过对不同大气CO2浓度水平下的茶树观测试验,研究了大气CO2增长对茶树新梢叶片净光合速率、蒸腾气孔导度、水分利用效率、叶绿素含量和营养元素含量等光合生理特性的影响。结果表明,在大气CO2浓度为550、750μmol·mol-1时,比正常大气CO2水平下茶树叶片日平均净光合速率提高17.9%和25.8%,并缓解和消除了光合午休现象;茶树叶片气孔导度降低7.6%和13.0%,蒸腾速度稍有下降,水分利用效率提高21.6%和35.8%;同时使茶树新梢叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素含量分别提高12.8%～18.4%、14.0%～22.0%、13.1%～19.4%和17.2%～20.1%,但叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值有所降低。大气CO2浓度的升高使新梢营养元素N、K、Ca含量有不同程度降低,而Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu含量有所增加。     

叶片结构与柑橘溃疡病抗性的初步研究

摘要: 对5个柑橘品种（稻叶温州蜜柑[Citrus unshiu (L.) var. Inaba]、春见[(C. reticulata × C. sinensis) var. Okitsu No. 44]、卡拉卡拉红肉脐橙[C. sinensis (O.) var. Cara Cara]、玫瑰橙[C. Sinensis var. Meiguicheng]和HB柚[C. grandis (L.) var. HB]） 的夏梢老熟叶片气孔及其显微结构进行解剖构造的观察和测定。结果表明：不同品种间叶片的气孔密度差异显著,并且与品种抗病性成正相关,其相关系数为0.888;可以把叶片气孔的密度作为抗柑橘溃疡病的形态结构的初步鉴定指标。不同品种间叶片的显微结构特征差异不显著,与品种抗病性相关性不显著,品种间变化规律性不强。     

水稻根系与叶片光合特性的关系

 【目的】揭示水稻根系与叶片光合特性之间的联系。【方法】在水培条件下以水稻幼苗为材料，研究不同剪根方式对水稻叶片光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率的影响效应。【结果】剪除全部根系后，顶一叶叶片的光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率分别立即平均下降10.25％、53.99％和46.26％。剪除一半根系时，顶一、二叶的光合速率比断根前分别下降0.05％和8.51％，气孔导度分别下降24.03％和35.80％，蒸腾速率分别下降21.22%和30.93%；进一步剪除剩余全部根系时，顶一、二叶的光合速率比断根前分别下降12.57％和17.22％，气孔导度分别下降55.86％和61.84％，蒸腾速率分别下降50.96％、55.96％。【结论】根系与地上部叶片光合特性间存在密切的直接关系。