多效唑调控观赏竹生长的初步研究

竹笋施用多效唑后,对其新梢日平均生长量及成竹后全竹高,枝下高、节间长、叶面积均有显著的抑制作用,注射处理在浓度300～800 mg·kg-1,喷施处理在浓度300～1000 mg·kg-1范围内,随处理浓度递增,抑制作用更为显著.应用多效唑能提高观赏竹的观赏价值,解决盆景制作的矮化及枝叶美化问题.     

鸡大肠杆菌病中草药佐剂多价灭活苗的研制——Ⅰ、疫苗生产工艺

采用鸡大肠杆菌多发病型菌株以及地方病型菌株作为制苗用菌种，保证了疫苗既具有一定的广谱性，又具有一定的特异性；采用液体通气培养方法，在一定程度上提高了菌数；采用中草药蜂胶作为佐剂不但可有效地提高机体的免疫功能，同时兼具有治疗，保健和促生长作用，另外蜂胶还可以增大抗原表面积，延长抗原在组织的贮存时间，可持久地释放抗原，保证了机体持续产生高效价抗体。     

几种除草剂药液表面张力、叶面接触角与药效的相关性研究

在除草剂氟磺胺草醚、灭草松和精喹禾灵药液中添加不同浓度的喷雾助剂ABS(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)和JFC ,以温室盆栽法测得各处理抑制杂草的效果,结果表明,在多数情况下添加喷雾助剂可使3种供试除草剂的药效显著提高。     

Preparation of Adjuvant Diluent for Live Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever and Evaluation of its Immune Effects

The aim of this study was to develop a novel oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion as adjuvant diluents (AD) for live vaccine against classical swine fever (CSF) that could effectively enhance the immune effect of vaccine.The AD was prepared by high-pressure homogenization technique.Formulations and preparation parameters were optimized with response surface design.Its stability, particle size, polydispersity (PDI) and Zeta potential were characterized.The humoral immune response and cellular immune response of the AD were evaluated with BALB/c mice by intramuscular injection.The particle size of the AD prepared by optimized formulation and parameters was 100.4 nm, PDI was 0.147, and Zeta potential was —28.7 mV.The experiment results showed that the AD had good stability.The AD was inoculated combined with live vaccine against CSF into BALB/c mice by intramuscular injection.The results showed that the live vaccine against CSF specific immune responses could be evoked in mice by co-inoculation with AD and vaccine.The cellular immune response levels in co-inoculated groups were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), with obvious phenomena of higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-4 in serum.The result revealed that cellular immune capability significantly improved with the AD.The results strongly revealed that cellular immune capability significantly improved by introducing AD for effective immune-adjuvant for live vaccine against CSF.     

新型国产白油佐剂与进口Marcol-52白油佐剂配制疫苗的比较试验

The Newcastle disease inactivated vaccines were prepared with oil adjuvants respectively from domestic and import.The experiments were done in order to compare the new domestic oil and Marcol-52 according to a series of testing indexes. The results showed that the quality of the new domestic oil was better than Marcol-52, except the absorptive quality.     

Assessing the deposition and canopy penetration of nozzles with different spray qualities in an oat (Avena sativa L.) canopy

Consistent spray coverage that is evenly distributed throughout the canopy is necessary to control pest populations that can negatively affect yield. As applicators are switching to Coarser spray quality nozzles to reduce risk and liability of pesticide spray drift, concerns about efficacy loss are growing. Previous research has indicated that small droplets are the most effective at penetrating through crop canopies, but newer nozzle technologies have improved the effectiveness of larger droplet or Coarser sprays. Research was conducted to assess the canopy penetration of nozzles that produce Coarse, Very-Coarse and Extremely-Coarse spray qualities compared to nozzles that produce Fine and Medium spray qualities. Kromekote collectors were positioned in four configurations in an oat (Avena sativa L.) var. ‘Yarran’ (AusWest Seeds, Forbes, NSW, Australia) crop to quantify the coverage and droplet number densities (droplets cm⁻²) across three application carrier volume rates: 50, 75 and 100 L ha⁻¹. Applications were made in the field in 30 cm tall, tillering oats, with collectors arranged in a randomised complete block design with three replications. The entire study was repeated on the following day. Results showed that droplet number densities were inversely related to the droplet size produced by the nozzles, yet coverage was increased more by application volume rate than droplet size. Thus, both spray drift reduction and improved canopy penetration can be achieved with proper nozzle selection and operation parameters for the control of agronomic pests.     

电控柴油机泵喷嘴技术

为了提高柴油机的动力性、燃油经济性,降低排放(浮游颗粒PM和NOx)和噪声,优良的混合气准备是解决以上问题的关键因素。这要求高效喷射系统产生高喷射压力,确保燃油雾化良好,并且还必须精确控制喷油始点和喷油量。研究结果表明,本文介绍的泵喷嘴技术可以满足这一严格要求。泵喷嘴技术的关键是把喷油泵和喷嘴合成一体,以省去高压油管并获得高喷射压力。     

小缸径直喷柴油机喷雾与燃烧三维数值模拟

应用CFD软件对一台小缸径增压中冷柴油机进行了喷雾燃烧数值模拟,得到了详细的喷雾发展形态、燃油浓度分布和燃烧过程温度场、有害排放物分布等重要信息,为燃烧室结构优化设计和与油嘴匹配奠定基础。计算结果表明,计算示功图与实测值吻合较好;喷油阶段,油束存在碰壁现象,燃烧室凹坑底部燃油浓度较高;随着活塞下行,锥台与凹坑连接处空气运动较弱,燃油浓度较高,同时NOx与Soot生成与混合气浓度、空气运动、温度有密切联系。     

脉宽调制型变量喷雾系统雾量沉积分布

通过实验和理论分析建立了雾量分布模型,研究了雾量分布规律。研究表明:喷杆方向沉积变异系数在两喷头之间出现最低,而在两喷头正下方出现极高值;行驶方向的沉积变异系数沿着一定规律周期性变化,其周期与占空比相关;在相同压力的情况下,同一喷头的行驶方向及喷杆方向沉积变异系数的峰值均随着车速的提高而上升,随占空比的上升而下降;在研究范围内(40~60cm),变异系数的峰值随喷头高度的升高而降低;若车速和占空比均相同,110°扇形喷头的雾量分布较80°扇形喷头在时空方向上都更加均匀。     

外开式汽油喷油器喷雾特性研究

在定容弹内,采用纹影和激光Mie散射技术研究了外开式压电晶体汽油喷油器使用汽油、正丁醇和乙醇时的喷雾特性。结果表明,外开式喷油器喷油形成的空心圆锥状喷雾结构由线状油束组成。喷油背压对喷雾的宏观形态影响较大。随着喷油背压的升高,喷雾中油线间隙减小并最终消失,同时喷雾贯穿度与面积均大幅减小,但喷雾锥角基本不随背压、燃料种类和时间的变化而变化。此外,随着背压的升高,喷雾横向贯穿度的减小程度大于轴向贯穿度,但是横向贯穿度始终大于轴向贯穿度。粘度较大的乙醇和正丁醇的轴向贯穿度大于汽油。横向贯穿度与喷油产生的涡流有关。涡流尺度越大,则横向贯穿度也越大。