湖南永州尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒的蛋白组分及毒性分析

采用Nano–LC–ESI–MS/MS蛋白鉴定技术对湖南永州尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒蛋白组分进行质谱分析,应用常规体外试管法对尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒体外溶血值进行检测,采用改良寇式法对尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒LD_(50)进行测定。结果显示:尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒含有50种蛋白,蛋白相对分子质量集中在1.0×10~4～2.0×10~4(46.9%)、4.0×10~4～5.0×10~4(22.4%)、2.0×10~4～3.0×10~4(10.6%)和7.0×10~4～8.0×10~4(7.6%),其中代表性的高丰度蛋白有蛇毒金属蛋白酶A(11.7%)、蛇毒金属蛋白酶H1(9.8%)、蕲蛇类凝血酶–2(7.3%)、抗凝血酶A–A亚基(6.8%),低丰度蛋白(0.1%)有Ecto–5'–核苷酸酶、碱性磷脂酶A2 DAV–N6、生长分化因子11;蛇毒引起红细胞溶血的最低质量浓度为60.00μg/mL,尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒对KM小鼠的LD_(50)为7.1796mg/kg,攻毒小鼠出现呼吸急促、躁动不安、注射部位出现奇特瘙痒和大面积溃烂,至死亡。     

内燃加热式生物质气化炉设

根据生物质气化原理,针对目前气化炉产气热值低和存在焦油的问题,设计了一种内燃加热式气化炉.内燃加热式气化炉优于已有的固定床气化炉、流化床气化炉;类似于下吸式固定床气化炉,热解气中焦油含量低;设置以热解气为燃料的内加热系统,减少了空气入炉量,提高了热解气热值.内燃加热式气化炉是将生物质气化与焦油的催化裂解集于一体,不需要再为催化裂解提供热源.     

GVF Snake模型在木材表面缺陷分割的应用研究

针对木材表面存在纹理、凹凸结构、边缘颗粒和弱边缘等特点,对其直接运用Snake模型进行分割难以得到有效边缘提取,因此提出运用改进的GVF Snake模型和维纳滤波相结合对其进行分割。首先对木材图像进行维纳滤波使得纹理变得平缓,同时可以使得缺陷边缘得到有效保留,再对其进行GVF Snake模型分割。该算法对初始轮廓的选择敏感度降低,拓展性增强,可以使得轮廓曲线更加快速地收敛到缺陷边缘,避免陷入局部最优现象,提高对弱边缘和凹凸图像分割效果,分割结果更加清晰、连贯,具有良好的实时性。为木材表面缺陷的分割提供一种更为有效的方法,拓宽了snake模型的应用范围。     

Snake bites recorded by veterinary practices in Australia

Objective To determine the extent of the snake bite problem in domestic animals, its regional significance and the effects of antivenom treatment.
Design A questionnaire was designed seeking information on the number and type of domestic animals referred, whether treated or untreated, type of snakes and management of the bite.
Procedure The survey form was sent to 10% of veterinary surgeons, selected at random throughout Australia.
Results The response of 106 veterinary surgeons revealed that snake bite in domestic animals is frequent, with an estimated 6200 cases reported annually. Bites were more prominent in rural (78%) than urban areas (22%) with brown, tiger and black snakes accounting for 76%, 13% and 6% of cases, respectively. Cats and dogs were the most frequently reported victims. Ninety-one percent of cats and 75% of dogs survived following the administration of antivenom whereas 66% of cats and 31% of dogs survived without antivenom. Overall, in 33% of cases antivenom was not used, and venom detection kits were used in only 1% of cases. A number of drugs were used in various combinations with or without antivenom and intravenous fluids in the treatment of animals with snake bite, but their role in reducing the severity of envenomations was not assessed.
Clinical implications Antivenom significantly improves the chances of survival of domestic animals bitten by snakes.     

长沙市蛇寄生钩虫感染情况调查

为了解湖南省长沙市蛇寄生钩虫感染情况,2009年3月~2010年1月,在长沙市2个主要的蛇来源市场随机抽取180条蛇进行寄生钩虫感染情况调查。结果显示,124条蛇体内检测到钩虫,感染率为68.89%;2个市场的感染率分别为75%、58.82%。可见,长沙市钩虫感染比较严重,开展钩虫病的预防工作十分必要。     

基于区域气球力Snake模型的运动目标快速跟踪方法

提出了一种包含区域信息的Snake模型用于运动目标检测与跟踪。在通常情况下,基于区域信息的跟踪方法对背景光线的微小变化、位置的微小移动较为敏感,而基于边缘信息的跟踪方法则难以对边缘模糊的图像取得满意的跟踪效果。在算法中同时引入这两种信息,边缘信息使得算法快速而鲁棒性好,区域信息可以对边缘模糊的图像取得正确的跟踪效果。使用双差分图像设计了自动初始化的方法来实现视频的自动跟踪。同时,对目标的下一步运动位置增加了一个预测环节来加快主动轮廓模型的收敛速度。该算法的每帧计算时间一般小于0.1S,能应用于实时系统。     

GA3和KT对蛇瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

用不同浓度的GA3和KT对蛇瓜种子进行了处理,结果表明:GA3可以提高蛇瓜种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数,对其幼苗生长有明显的促进作用,并可极大地提高其活力指数;而KT也可以提高种子的发芽率、发芽势,但作用不显著。同时KT对幼苗的生长有一定的抑制作用,但可以增加幼苗的地上部和根的鲜重。     

Progresses on antitumor effect of snake venom active components

Many snake venoms contain complex mixtures of pharmacologically important molecules, some of which show potential therapeutic value in the treatment of cancer and other human disorders. In this review, we mainly reports the effects of snake venom active components, such as disintegrins and lectins in paralyzing cancer cells, blocking on cell migration, interaction with integrins, inhibition of tumor dissemination and angiogenesis. The advanced researches on the snake venom's apoptosis-inducing components on tumors are also introduced.     

Low genetic diversity threatens imminent extinction for the Hungarian meadow viper (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis)

Meadow vipers (Vipera ursinii) are small venomous snakes whose range in Hungary has been greatly fragmented by anthropogenic habitat disturbance (especially, agriculture). We obtained DNA from a total of eight Hungarian snakes. Genetic variability at the major histocompatibility (Mhc) class I loci was much lower for these snakes than for specimens from two large Ukrainian populations. Within two Hungarian populations for which we had multiple individuals, band-sharing indices were 100 and 84.6% (versus 63.3 and 57% for the Ukraine populations). The Ukrainian snakes also displayed more RFLP fragments than the Hungarian vipers (mean 13.7 versus 9.0, respectively). In combination with reports of birth deformities, chromosomal abnormalities and low juvenile survival, these data strongly suggest that the Hungarian vipers are experiencing inbreeding depression. Genetic diversity is still present in the Hungarian vipers but among rather than within populations. Given the very low numbers of animals, the only feasible strategy to increase the genetic diversity and to save the Hungarian vipers from extinction is to implement a captive breeding program based on genetically screened animals.