Toxicity of a secondary metabolite produced by Simplicillium chinense Snef5 against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita

ABSTRACT

We studied the bioactive compound of the fungus Simplicillium chinense strain Snef5, isolated from its culture filtrate. Following purification by chromatography, the structure of the secondary metabolite, identified as 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, was determined by spectroscopic methods (IR, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The metabolite exhibited antimicrobial activity against M. incognita with an LD50 of 0.229?mg/ml. The light microscope was used to observe the surface and internal cellular micro-structure of the nematodes. The results of the microscopy indicated that the anatomy of the J₂ of M. incognita was disrupted following exposure to 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid. This is the first report on the activity of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid of S. chinense metabolites on the root knot nematode. It showed a high level of nematicidal activity. Our data on the inhibitory effects of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid suggest that secondary metabolites from Snef5 have potential use as novel biological control agents.     

响应面法优化根结线虫生防真菌Snef5的发酵工艺

为提高生防真菌Simplicillium chinense Snef5的杀线虫活性,本研究采用响应面法对其发酵条件进行优化。首先,采用Plackett?Burman法筛选出有显著效应的3个因素：初始pH值、蔗糖和MgSO₄·7H₂O用量,而后通过Box?Benhnken设计和响应面分析法对其进行分析,获得了优化的最佳初始pH值为6.74,蔗糖含量4.19%,MgSO₄·7H₂O含量0.04%。经摇瓶和发酵罐发酵验证,该理论预测值与实测值无显著差异;优化后的发酵液杀线虫活性与原始发酵液相比,摇瓶发酵与30 L发酵罐产出的发酵液对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫的致死率分别提高了20.6%和21.3%,显示出较好的优化效果。试验结果对生防真菌的发酵及实际应用具有重要指导作用。     

宁夏苦豆子中产苦参碱内生真菌的分离与鉴定

【目的】从宁夏野生苦豆子中分离内生真菌,筛选能够产生苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、氧化槐果碱或槐定碱4种喹诺里西啶类生物碱的内生真菌。【方法】应用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对分离菌株显微形态进行观察,根据形态对各菌株进行初步分类;应用薄层色谱法、气相色谱-质谱联用法和酸性染料比色法检测各分离菌株的生物碱成分。对能够产生生物碱的真菌ITS和SSU rDNA序列进行扩增和测序,根据序列信息进行同源性比较和系统发育树构建;结合形态特征,对其进行种属分类。【结果】从苦豆子中共分离到27株真菌,其中23株分属于青霉属、曲霉属、链格孢属、镰刀菌属、Simplicillium属真菌,4株为不产孢菌;筛选出E1、E3和E5这3株能够产生苦参碱的内生真菌,均属于Simplicillium属真菌,其菌丝中苦参碱的含量分别为20.4、17.4和37.6 μg•g-1。【结论】根据真菌形态特征、同源性比较和遗传进化分析结果,确定该3株产苦参碱内生真菌均为Simplicillium lanosoniveum。