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排序方式: 共有534条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
水分胁迫对荔枝幼树根系与梢生长的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
张承林  付子轼 《果树学报》2005,22(4):339-342
以盆栽沙培1年生荔枝空中压条苗为试材,研究了水分胁迫对荔枝幼树根系和梢生长的影响以及二者的相互关系。3个处理为:沙体积含水量为7.5%(严重缺水),15.0%(一般缺水),22.5%(充分供水)。结果表明:水分胁迫严重抑制荔枝幼树地上部分和各级侧根的生长,使地上部枝梢生长严重受阻,叶片数量、平均叶面积、叶片厚度均显著变小;根总干重、侧根长度、根表面积显著减少。水分胁迫下促进须根的生长,须根的长度、根表面积比水分充足时显著增加。水分胁迫时叶片淀粉含量下降,而根系积累更多的淀粉。比较不同处理的根梢比发现,干旱对根系生长的抑制作用比枝梢更显著。  相似文献   
2.
糖和氮对山楂组织培养新梢生根的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用敞口山楂组培新梢研究糖和无机氮源对不定根形成的影响,含有高水平蔗糖的培养基比低水平蔗糖的培养基新梢生根率高。新梢对糖的这种反应与糖代谢和物理渗透都有关,用甘露醇作为渗透代替剂在低浓度蔗糖存在下无作用,当蔗糖浓度达到一定程度时(86.64mmol·1~(-1))能影响新梢的生根率。在培养基中分别加入NO_3~(-)-N或NH_4~(+)-N作为唯一氮源,或是在MS培养基中加入NO_3~-/NH_4~+比率为标准的混合氮源,在测试范围(0~120mmol·1~(-1))内均降低新梢的生根率,三者对生根的抑制作用大小顺序依次为NH_4~+>NO_3~(-)-NH_4~(+)-N>NO_3~(-)-N.NO_3~-/NH_4~+的比率影响生根。NO_3~-/NH_4~+比率与生根之间呈直线正相关。糖/氮比值高有利于生根。插穗中碳、氮的绝对量及碳/氮比率可作为山楂新梢生根的指标。  相似文献   
3.
研究了氨苄青霉素(Amp)、羧苄青霉素(Carb)、头孢霉素(Cef)和卡那霉素(Km)对梨叶片愈伤组织和不定梢诱导的影响。结果表明,Amp对巴梨叶片分化影响较小,当浓度达500mg/L时,其出愈率和不定梢再生率分别为96.48%和56.17%,与对照差异不显著;Cef浓度在50-300mg/L时对巴梨和身不知叶片再生均无显著影响,只有当Cef浓度高于400mg/L时,巴梨的不定梢再生率才受到显著抑制;巴梨和身不知叶片对Carb的反应不相同,低浓度(≤200mg/L)的Carb对巴梨的出愈率和不定梢再生率影响较小,却显著抑制身不知的不定梢再生率,高浓度(≥300mg/L)的Carb不仅极显著抑制巴梨和身不知的出愈率,而且完全抑制了2者的不定梢再生;Km浓度大于10mg/L时,明显抑制愈伤组织的生长,且随着浓度的增加,死亡率逐渐增大,当Km浓度达100mg/L时,巴梨和身不知叶片死亡率达100%和96.30%。  相似文献   
4.
培养条件对酸枣叶片不定梢再生率的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
以酸枣无菌苗叶片为外植体,选用基本培养基NN69和WPM,外源激素包括TDZ、IAA、IBA和NAA,暗培养时间为2、3、4周。采用正交实验设计方法,研究了基本培养基、外源激素及暗培养时间对叶片不定梢再生的影响。结果表明在附加TDZ1~3mg/L的WPM和NN69上都可诱导不定梢再生,但WPM比NN69更有效。暗培养时间对不定梢再生也有影响,暗培养3周比2、4周更有利于提高叶片的不定梢再生率。在附加TDZ1mg/L、IAA0.1mg/L的WPM培养基上,暗培养3周后转到光下培养,获得的不定梢再生率达87.5%。  相似文献   
5.
荔枝环剥时期对新梢生长及碳素储备的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
 枝梢环剥显著抑制了‘怀枝’荔枝新梢的生长,并导致射线细胞和髓部大量积累淀粉。梢芽萌发或伸长前环剥可完全抑制新梢生长,而新梢快速伸长期环剥对其抑制效应最弱。秋季环剥对新梢的抑制和对淀粉积累的促进效应明显高于春季环剥。环剥口以上的老叶面积和环剥位置并不影响环剥对新梢生长的抑制效应和促进淀粉的积累效应,但环剥口以上单位枝梢长度的叶面积与淀粉含量呈显著正相关。  相似文献   
6.
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume, cultivated by small farmers and is usually exposed to unfavorable conditions with minimum use of inputs. Drought and low soil fertility, especially phosphorus and nitrogen (N) deficiencies, are major limitations to bean yield in smallholder systems. Beans can derive part of their required N from the atmosphere through symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). Drought stress severely limits SNF ability of plants. The main objectives of this study were to: (i) test and validate the use of 15N natural abundance in grain to quantify phenotypic differences in SNF ability for its implementation in breeding programs of common bean with bush growth habit aiming to improve SNF, and (ii) quantify phenotypic differences in SNF under drought to identify superior genotypes that could serve as parents. Field studies were conducted at CIAT-Palmira, Colombia using a set of 36 bean genotypes belonging to the Middle American gene pool for evaluation in two seasons with two levels of water supply (irrigated and drought stress). We used 15N natural abundance method to compare SNF ability estimated from shoot tissue sampled at mid-pod filling growth stage vs. grain tissue sampled at harvest. Our results showed positive and significant correlation between nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) estimated using shoot tissue at mid-pod filling and %Ndfa estimated using grain tissue at harvest. Both methods showed phenotypic variability in SNF ability under both drought and irrigated conditions and a significant reduction in SNF ability was observed under drought stress. We suggest that the method of estimating Ndfa using grain tissue (Ndfa-G) could be applied in bean breeding programs to improve SNF ability. Using this method of Ndfa-G, we identified four bean lines (RCB 593, SEA 15, NCB 226 and BFS 29) that combine greater SNF ability with greater grain yield under drought stress and these could serve as potential parents to further improve SNF ability of common bean.  相似文献   
7.
马卡丛生芽培养条件优化及玻璃化控制研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
优化了南美产十字花科植物马卡丛生芽诱导和继代过程中的培养条件,使玻璃化现象得到了控制,提高了丛生芽的存活率。优化后的丛生芽诱导条件为:MS(pH 5.85~5.90)附加1~2 mg/L 6-BA,0.25 mg/L NAA,蔗糖30~35 g/L,琼脂6 g/L,诱导温度20~25℃,光照强度24μmol/(m2.s),光照时间16 h/d;优化后的丛生芽继代条件为:MS(pH 5.85~5.90)附加2 mg/L6-BA,0.25 mg/L NAA,培养温度15℃,光照强度24~41μmol/(m2.s),光照时间16 h/d。  相似文献   
8.
猪粪施用量对红壤旱地理化性质及酶活性的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为研究猪粪的合理施用及其对红壤旱地地力提升的效应,利用在第四纪红壤旱地中连续3年分别施用0、7.5、15、30、45 t·hm~(-2)猪粪的小区定位试验,比较不同处理下菠菜和玉米地上部生物量、土壤相关理化性质、碳氮磷循环相关酶活性的差异。结果表明:菠菜和玉米地上部生物量、土壤有机质、土壤全量和速效态氮磷钾含量均随猪粪施用量的增加呈线性增加。当猪粪施用量达45 t·hm~(-2)时菠菜、玉米平均地上部生物量分别达到11.48、20.84 t·hm~(-2),土壤有机质和全氮、全磷含量分别达14.6、1.07、0.73 g·kg~(-1),土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别达85.47、106.9、411.7 mg·kg~(-1),但与猪粪施用量为15和30t·hm~(-2)时土壤养分含量的差异不显著,而土壤中与碳氮磷循环相关的6种酶活性则与猪粪施用量呈线性相关,且在施用量为30或45t·hm~(-2)时出现显著差异;6种酶活性与土壤有机质、养分含量间均具有显著或极显著正相关关系。研究结果显示,第四纪红壤旱地在本试验猪粪施用量范围内,土壤有机质和养分含量、酶活性等指标均随施用量的增加而相应提高,作物地上部生物量亦呈线性增加,但同时须注意土壤速效态养分含量过高可能带来的氮磷流失加剧等问题。  相似文献   
9.
Here organogenesis of tarda tulip (Tulipa tarda Stapf.) from callus explants is presented. The callus tissue was cultivated on MS media containing 3% or 6% sucrose and either no addition of BAP (6-benzyl-aminopurine) or supplemented with 0.5 μM BAP. The cultures were maintained under a 16?h photoperiod under white, red or blue fluorescent light, at 20?±?2°C for 12 weeks. This study aimed to determine the most suitable light conditions and medium composition for seed-derived callus explants in order to obtain an efficient formation of adventitious bulbs. There were no differences between the spectra of light in differentiating adventitious bulbs. Explants cultured in darkness (control), on 0.5?µM BAP and 3% sucrose, formed the highest number of adventitious bulbs. The efficiency of adventitious organogenesis amounted to 36.6 bulbs per 1?g of callus tissue. The fresh weight of biomass, cultured in these conditions, increased within 12 weeks from 1 to 6.99?g. Supplementation with BAP of the medium containing 3% sucrose promoted the formation of bulbs, but in the case of the medium with 6% sucrose, BAP had an adverse influence under every type of light. The obtained results provide a useful protocol for the micropropagation of T. tarda, which can be used commercially for rapid and cost-effective production of the tulip.  相似文献   
10.
Grain legumes, the important constituents of sustainability‐based cropping systems and energy‐limited vegetarian diets have long been the subject of scientific research. Tremendous technological strides were made in the so‐called orphan crops, in terms of both varietal improvement and generation of basic information. Despite recalcitrancy and high genotype dependency, in vitro culture techniques such as organogenesis, in vitro mutagenesis, embryo rescue and in vitro gene transfer have been deployed for improvement of several grain legumes and these played an important role in introgression of desirable genes from related and distant species and creation of additional genetic variability. Stable and reproducible regeneration protocols resulted in the development of genetically modified chickpea, pigeon pea, cowpea, mungbean, etc., while embryo rescue was deployed successfully for recovery of interspecific recombinants, a few of them exploited for the development of commercial cultivars. Nevertheless, doubled haploidy witnessed limited success and protoplast regeneration and in vitro mutagenesis remained of academic interest. The present review focuses on the progress, achievements, constraints and perspectives of using in vitro technology in grain legume improvement.  相似文献   
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